Category Archives: second-hand

　　In the world of fasteners, stainless steel socket head screws stand out for their strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. Whether you’re in manufacturing, construction, automotive, or electronics, these screws are essential. This guide will explore the benefits, applications, and considerations when purchasing wholesale stainless steel socket head screws.In order to achieve the goal, custom screw Turn cocoon into butterfly, constantly polish product quality, improve business ability, and finally have a place in the market. https://shwhardware.com

　　Benefits of Stainless Steel Socket Head Screws

　　Corrosion Resistance: Stainless steel is renowned for its ability to resist rust and corrosion, making these screws ideal for environments exposed to moisture and harsh chemicals.

　　Strength and Durability: These screws offer high tensile strength, ensuring secure and long-lasting connections even in high-stress applications.

　　Versatility: Stainless steel socket head screws are available in various sizes and grades, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.

　　Aesthetic Appeal: The sleek appearance of stainless steel is often preferred in applications where the fastener will be visible, such as in furniture or architectural elements.

　　wholesale stainless steel screws

　　Common Applications

　　Manufacturing and Assembly: Used in the assembly of machinery and equipment, these screws ensure components are securely fastened, maintaining the integrity and safety of the products.

　　Construction: Ideal for structural applications, stainless steel socket head screws provide reliable fastening solutions in buildings and infrastructure projects.

　　Automotive Industry: These screws are used in various parts of vehicles, from engines to body panels, due to their ability to withstand vibrations and high temperatures.

　　Electronics: The precision and reliability of stainless steel socket head screws make them perfect for securing electronic components and enclosures.

　　Marine Applications: Given their corrosion resistance, these screws are extensively used in marine environments for boats, docks, and offshore structures.

　　Why Buy Wholesale?

　　Cost Savings: Purchasing screws in bulk reduces the cost per unit, providing significant savings for businesses.

　　Consistency: Buying wholesale ensures that you receive a consistent supply of screws, maintaining uniformity in your projects.

　　Convenience: A reliable wholesale supplier can provide a steady stream of inventory, reducing downtime and ensuring that your projects stay on schedule.

　　wholesale stainless steel screws

　　Choosing the Right Supplier

　　Quality Assurance: Ensure the supplier provides high-quality stainless steel screws that meet industry standards and specifications.

　　Reputation: Look for suppliers with a strong reputation and positive reviews from other customers in your industry.

　　Customization Options: Some projects may require custom sizes or specifications. Choose a supplier that can accommodate these needs.

　　Customer Support: Excellent customer service is crucial for addressing any issues or concerns promptly.

　　Conclusion

　　Wholesale stainless steel socket head screws are an indispensable component in numerous industries, offering unmatched strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. By understanding their benefits and applications and choosing the right supplier, you can ensure the success and reliability of your projects. Invest in quality stainless steel socket head screws today to experience their long-lasting performance and versatility.

　　When selecting materials for various applications, especially those involving harsh environmental conditions, the ability of the material to withstand extreme temperatures is crucial. Custom silicone parts have become a popular choice due to their impressive temperature tolerance. In this article, we¨ll explore how custom silicone parts perform in extreme temperatures and why they are a preferred option in demanding applications.Mentioned in the article customized silicone mould Born with strong vitality, you can turn a cocoon into a butterfly and become the best yourself after wind and rain. https://lxsiliconeparts.com/

　　Temperature Tolerance of Silicone

　　Silicone rubber is renowned for its ability to handle a wide range of temperatures. Typically, silicone parts can endure temperatures from -60＜C (-76＜F) to +230＜C (+446＜F). This makes silicone highly versatile, suitable for both freezing cold and intense heat. However, specific silicone formulations can extend these ranges even further.

　　custom silicone parts

　　Low-Temperature Performance

　　At low temperatures, silicone maintains its flexibility and elasticity, unlike many other materials that become brittle and prone to cracking. This property is crucial for applications in cold environments, such as aerospace components, refrigeration seals, and outdoor equipment. The low-temperature resilience ensures that silicone parts will continue to function effectively even in freezing conditions.

　　High-Temperature Performance

　　Silicone¨s high-temperature resistance makes it ideal for applications that involve heat exposure, such as automotive engine parts, cooking appliances, and industrial machinery. Silicone¨s ability to withstand elevated temperatures without losing its mechanical properties or degrading over time ensures long-term performance and reliability in high-heat environments.

　　Factors Affecting Temperature Resistance

　　Silicone Formulation: The temperature resistance of silicone can vary depending on its formulation. Standard silicone typically handles temperatures up to +230＜C (+446＜F), but specialized high-temperature silicones can tolerate even higher temperatures.

　　Additives and Fillers: Additives and fillers can enhance silicone¨s properties, including its temperature resistance. For instance, silicone compounds with added fillers may improve thermal stability and reduce the effects of extreme temperatures.

　　Application Conditions: The actual performance of silicone parts in extreme temperatures also depends on the specific conditions of use, such as exposure duration, thermal cycling, and mechanical stress. Proper material selection and design considerations are essential to ensure optimal performance.

　　custom silicone parts

　　Applications of High-Temperature Silicone Parts

　　Automotive Industry: Silicone seals and gaskets are used in engines, exhaust systems, and other high-heat areas to provide reliable sealing and performance under extreme temperatures.

　　Aerospace Industry: Silicone components in aircraft and spacecraft must withstand temperature fluctuations during flight and re-entry, making silicone an ideal material due to its thermal stability.

　　Electronics: Silicone encapsulants and insulators protect electronic components from heat and ensure reliable operation in high-temperature environments.

　　Cooking Appliances: Silicone bakeware and kitchen tools are designed to endure high temperatures in ovens and dishwashers, ensuring durability and safety.

　　Conclusion

　　Custom silicone parts are highly capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, making them suitable for a wide range of applications in both low and high-temperature environments. Their flexibility at low temperatures and stability at high temperatures provide exceptional performance and reliability. By choosing the right silicone formulation and considering application-specific factors, you can ensure that your custom silicone parts will perform effectively under challenging conditions.

　　Whether you need parts for automotive, aerospace, electronics, or any other demanding application, custom silicone parts offer the temperature resilience required for long-lasting and reliable performance.

　　Air source heat pumps are a form of heating system that extracts heat from the outdoor air and utilizes it to supply heating and hot water for buildings. They serve as an energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly substitute for conventional heating systems like gas boilers or electric heaters.In the industry, heat pumps for sale Has been a leader in the industry, but later came from behind but never arrogant, low-key to adhere to quality. http://mangoenergyheatpump.com

　　How does an air source heat pump operate?

　　Air source heat pumps function by drawing in heat from the external air at low temperatures and subsequently intensifying the heat’s temperature using a compressor. This heat is then utilized to warm water for radiators, underfloor heating systems, or for domestic hot water.

　　There are two primary kinds of air source heat pumps: air-to-water and air-to-air. Air-to-water heat pumps convey heat to a wet central heating system, whereas air-to-air heat pumps transfer heat to warm air systems.

　　Advantages of air source heat pumps

　　Utilizing an air source heat pump for heating and hot water provision offers several advantages, including:

　　1. Energy efficiency: Air source heat pumps are remarkably energy-efficient by utilizing renewable energy from the air, potentially leading to lower energy expenditures and decreased carbon emissions.

　　2. Renewable energy: By sourcing renewable energy from the air, air source heat pumps represent a more sustainable and eco-friendly heating solution compared to traditional fossil fuel-based systems.

　　3. Reduced carbon emissions: Through the reliance on renewable energy sources, air source heat pumps can aid in reducing carbon emissions, contributing to a more environmentally-friendly space.

　　4. Reduced operational costs: Despite potential higher initial installation costs, air source heat pumps have lower operational costs over time, resulting in potential long-term savings.

　　5. Versatility: Their ability to cater to both heating and hot water provision makes air source heat pumps a versatile solution for both residential and commercial structures.

　　Considerations for installation

　　When contemplating the installation of an air source heat pump, several key considerations must be taken into account:

　　1. Location: Access to good airflow and appropriate outdoor space are crucial for the installation of an air source heat pump.

　　2. Building insulation: Ensuring proper building insulation is important to optimize the heat pump’s efficiency and minimize heat loss.

　　3. System compatibility: Compatibility with existing heating systems and hot water provision in the building is essential for the installation of an air source heat pump.

　　4. Planning permission: Installation of an air source heat pump may necessitate planning permission based on location and building type.

　　5. Maintenance: Ongoing maintenance, which includes filter cleaning, monitoring refrigerant levels, and inspecting outdoor units, is vital for ensuring the effective operation of an air source heat pump.

　　In conclusion, air source heat pumps offer a sustainable and energy-efficient heating solution, catering to both residential and commercial heating and hot water needs. By harnessing renewable energy from the air, they provide a greener alternative to traditional heating systems, potentially leading to reduced energy costs and carbon emissions. It is important to consider factors such as location, building insulation, system compatibility, planning permission, and maintenance when contemplating the installation of an air source heat pump to ensure optimal performance.

　　Walk-through metal detectors help to ensure a safer environment by screening for prohibited items and preventing potential threats.Therefore, walk through metal detector Only then will more and more pump owners cheer for it and spread the value and function of the brand. https://secuzoan.com/

　　Walk-through metal detectors are used in many industries, such as factories, airports, and stations, and even schools. There are many students in schools, so safety is very important. When there are many people in school, such as during school hours and after school, the school will strengthen security patrols. But this is not enough. Some schools have set up security gates at the entrance to prevent weapons and other dangerous items from entering the school.

　　walk-through metal detectors

　　At the school gate, such an important place, people entering and leaving are not searched one by one. This practice is not practical, but will disrupt students’ learning psychology, and it is also a violation of human rights. If high-tech such as walk-through metal detectors are used in schools, dangerous items of dangerous people can be detected.

　　In addition, some smart walk-through metal detectors can also use the latest technology to detect whether the passer-by is carrying a mobile phone, which can effectively prevent students from bringing mobile phones into the campus to affect their study and rest, and can also prevent students from bringing mobile phones into the examination room and cheating by searching for answers on the Internet.

　　walk-through metal detectors

　　ZA5000

　　Therefore, it is necessary to install walk-through metal detectors in schools. The best location for walk-through metal detectors in schools is at the main entrance and the entrance of the passage. There should be no large metal objects within the installation range, otherwise it will cause other troubles. When installing walk-through metal detectors on campus, its sensitivity can be adjusted according to the actual situation, so that a good alarm effect can be achieved. After installing walk-through metal detectors, students should be avoided from crowding at the passage. It is recommended that you choose walk-through metal detectors with wider width and higher detection rate, so that the detection efficiency will be higher.

　　In the fastener forming process, cold heading (extrusion) technology is a main processing technology, which belongs to the category of metal pressure processing. In production, at room temperature, external force is applied to the metal to form the metal in a predetermined mold. This method is usually called cold heading. In fact, the forming of any fastener is not only achieved by cold heading. In the cold heading process, in addition to upsetting deformation, it is also accompanied by positive and negative extrusion, compound extrusion, punching, rolling and other deformation methods. Therefore, the name of cold heading in production is just a habitual name. To be more precise, it should be called cold heading (extrusion).In combination with these conditions, non standard fasteners It can still let us see good development and bring fresh vitality to the whole market. https://jieruifasteners.com/

　　Cold heading (extrusion) has many advantages, and it is suitable for mass production of fasteners. Its advantages can be summarized as follows:

　　High steel utilization rate. Cold heading (extrusion) is a method with little or no cutting. For example, when machining hexagonal bolts and cylindrical hexagon socket screws of rod type, the steel utilization rate is only 25% to 35% by cutting method, while by cold heading (extrusion), its utilization rate can be as high as 85% to 95%, which is only some process consumption of material head, material tail and cutting hexagonal head edge.

　　High productivity. Compared with general cutting processing, the efficiency of cold heading (extrusion) is more than dozens of times higher.

　　Good mechanical properties. The strength of parts processed by cold heading (extrusion) method is much better than that of cutting processing because the metal fiber is not cut off.Suitable for automated production. Fasteners (including some special-shaped parts) suitable for cold heading (extrusion) method are basically symmetrical parts, suitable for production by high-speed automatic cold heading machine, and also the main method of mass production.

　　In short, the cold heading (extrusion) method for processing fasteners and special-shaped parts is a processing method with a very high comprehensive economic benefit. It is a processing method commonly used in the fastener industry. It is also an advanced processing method that is widely used and has great development both at home and abroad.

　　Cold heading, cold pressing:

　　At room temperature, the blank is placed in the mold of an automatic cold heading machine or a press, and pressure is applied to the mold. The relative movement of the upper and lower molds is used to deform the blank in the mold cavity, reduce the height, and increase the cross section. This pressure processing method is called cold heading for automatic cold heading machines and cold pressing for presses. In actual production, the cold forming process of fasteners is often accompanied by extrusion during the cold heading process. Therefore, the cold heading process of fastener products is actually a composite processing method that has both cold heading and extrusion.

　　Deformation methods of cold heading (extrusion):

　　1. Punching. Separate part of the blank from the main body, such as cutting of wire, punching of nuts, trimming of the head of hexagonal bolts, etc.

　　2. Upsetting. A processing method that shortens the height of the blank and increases the cross-section, such as ball upsetting of nuts, pre-upsetting and fine upsetting of bolt head forming, etc.

　　3. Positive extrusion. During cold heading, when the blank is deformed in the lower die, the flow direction of the metal is consistent with the movement direction of the upper die. The reduction of the thick rod in cold heading bolts and cylindrical head hexagon socket screws is a positive extrusion.

　　4. Reverse extrusion. During the deformation of the blank, the flow direction of the metal is opposite to the movement direction of the upper die. The head forming of the cylindrical head hexagon socket screw belongs to reverse extrusion.

　　5. Compound extrusion. During the deformation of the blank, part of the metal flow direction is the same as the movement direction of the upper die, and part is opposite to it, that is, there is both positive extrusion and negative extrusion during the deformation. For example, the cylindrical head hexagon socket screw has both rod diameter reduction (positive extrusion) and head forming (negative extrusion) during the deformation at the same station.

　　The firefly q6 v3 action camera is well-regarded for its high-quality performance and versatility, largely thanks to its top-tier image sensor, the SONY IMX117. In this blog post, we will explore the features and benefits of the SONY IMX117 sensor, and how it enhances the Firefly Q6 V3’s capabilities for capturing stunning visuals.Through bit by bit efforts, let firefly sports camera Our market share is getting higher and higher, and the return on investment is also rising steadily. https://hawkeyecameras.com/

　　What is the SONY IMX117?

　　The SONY IMX117 is a high-performance image sensor known for its exceptional resolution, low light performance, and fast processing capabilities. It is widely used in various high-end action cameras, drones, and other imaging devices where superior image quality is a priority.

　　SONY IMX117: The Top-Level Image Sensor of the Firefly Q6 V3(夕1)

　　Key Features of the SONY IMX117 Sensor

　　1.High Resolution:

　　The SONY IMX117 offers a resolution of 12.4 megapixels, allowing the Firefly Q6 V3 to capture detailed and sharp images. This high resolution is perfect for producing high-definition videos and still photos that can be zoomed in without losing clarity.

　　2.Excellent Low Light Performance:

　　Low light conditions often challenge action cameras, but the IMX117 excels in these situations. With its advanced sensor technology, it can capture clear and bright images even in dim environments, making it ideal for night-time shooting or indoor activities.

　　3.Fast Processing Speed:

　　The IMX117 boasts a high-speed readout, enabling the Firefly Q6 V3 to shoot videos at high frame rates. This is crucial for recording smooth and fluid action scenes, whether you¨re filming sports events, outdoor adventures, or fast-moving subjects.

　　4.Wide Dynamic Range:

　　The sensor’s wide dynamic range allows it to handle high-contrast scenes effectively. It can capture both the bright and dark areas of a scene accurately, ensuring that details are preserved across the entire image, which is essential for producing balanced and professional-looking footage.

　　How the SONY IMX117 Enhances the Firefly Q6 V3

　　The integration of the SONY IMX117 sensor in the Firefly Q6 V3 elevates the camera¨s overall performance. Here¨s how it makes a difference:

　　1.Superior Video Quality:

　　With the IMX117, the Firefly Q6 V3 can record ultra-high-definition 4K videos at 30 frames per second, and 1080p videos at up to 120 frames per second. This ensures that your videos are crisp, clear, and highly detailed, suitable for professional use or high-quality content creation.

　　2.Improved Low Light Shooting:

　　Whether you’re filming at dawn, dusk, or indoors, the IMX117’s low light capabilities mean you can capture usable footage without the graininess often associated with low-light shooting. This is a significant advantage for vloggers, adventure seekers, and anyone who shoots in varying light conditions.

　　3.Reliable Performance in Action:

　　The high-speed processing of the IMX117 ensures that the Firefly Q6 V3 can keep up with fast-paced activities. Whether you’re skiing, biking, or engaging in extreme sports, the camera can record smooth and fluid motion, making sure you don¨t miss any action.

　　4.Versatility in Shooting Modes:

　　Thanks to the sensor¨s wide dynamic range and high resolution, the Firefly Q6 V3 offers various shooting modes, including time-lapse, slow motion, and burst mode. These features provide creative flexibility, allowing users to experiment with different filming techniques.

　　SONY IMX117: The Top-Level Image Sensor of the Firefly Q6 V3(夕2)

　　Real-World Applications

　　The combination of the Firefly Q6 V3 and the SONY IMX117 sensor makes it a formidable tool for various applications:

　　Sports Filming: Capture every moment in detail and fluidity, making it perfect for sports enthusiasts and filmmakers.

　　Travel Vlogging: Document your adventures with stunning clarity, regardless of the lighting conditions.

　　Wildlife Photography: The camera¨s fast processing and low light capabilities make it ideal for capturing elusive wildlife, even in challenging lighting.

　　Conclusion

　　The SONY IMX117 image sensor significantly enhances the firefly Q6 V3 action camera, making it a top choice for those seeking high-quality video and image capture. Its high resolution, excellent low light performance, fast processing speed, and wide dynamic range contribute to the camera¨s ability to deliver professional-grade footage in a variety of scenarios. Whether you’re an action sports enthusiast, a travel vlogger, or someone who simply wants the best in imaging technology, the Firefly Q6 V3 with its SONY IMX117 sensor is a worthy investment.

　　In late July 2024, the global Internet was reporting news related to the Paris Olympic Games. Many problems occurred during the preparation of the Paris Olympic Games by the French government, which led to the loss of confidence in the security of Paris during the Paris Olympic Games. It is reported that foreign athletes also brought private bodyguards to France during the Paris Olympic Games, afraid of personal security risks in France.among business bodyguard It has given great spiritual support to entrepreneurs, and more entrepreneurs will contribute to this industry in the future. http://huanyubodyguard.com/

　　paris olympics

　　During the preparation and organization of the Paris Olympic Games in France, there were indeed riots such as workers’ strikes in Paris. Some workers involved in the construction of the Paris Olympic Games project demanded an increase in wages and benefits and confronted the government, and staged a battle of workers’ police in the streets of Paris. In addition, many illegal immigrants also took the opportunity to threaten the French government to give them legal residency status, or illegal immigrants will stop participating in the construction of the Paris Olympic Games. For this, the French government has had to compromise.

　　Many foreign athletes saw the news of the riots in Paris, France, and felt worried about the security in Paris, France, so it came out that foreign athletes with private bodyguards went to Paris, France, these messages are not necessarily true, but also reflect the various practical problems during the Paris Games. There is also news that the Chinese sports team to France also brought private security teams, such as China’s Shenzhen Huanyu Brothers bodyguard company and other security service teams, which are said to be the security partners of the Chinese sports team participating in the Paris Olympic Games. But this information is hard to verify.

　　As a highly civilized capitalist country, France’s performance during the Olympic Games has surprised many foreigners, and foreign athletes worry about their safety in Paris, not joking, indicating that there are many security risks in Paris, France. The French city of Paris, which is prone to strikes, demonstrations and vandalism of public facilities, is no longer what it used to be, and it is natural for foreign athletes to have safety concerns.

　　Pets are members of the family. We love them and care about their health and happiness. However, while taking care of them, we also need to pay attention to environmental protection. Biodegradable poop bags are an environmentally friendly choice that can help reduce the impact of pet waste on the environment. Biodegradable dog poop bags are indispensable environmentally friendly products in modern society. They are favored by more and more pet owners for their green, environmentally friendly and biodegradable characteristics. When you walk on the street and see someone throwing away pet feces, have you ever felt upset? Eco friendly dog poop bags can solve this problem. Dog poop bags can not only make it easy to clean up pet feces, but also protect the environment and make the earth cleaner and more beautiful.Under people’s attention biodegradable mailing bags Finally grow into what people need, born for the market and come for the demand. https://biodegradable-gd.com

　　1. The Environmental Impact of Traditional Plastic Bags

　　Traditional plastic bags are a significant environmental hazard. Made from non-renewable petroleum products, they take hundreds of years to decompose, lingering in landfills and oceans. These bags can cause harm to wildlife, clog waterways, and contribute to the growing problem of plastic pollution. When pet owners use conventional plastic bags for dog waste, they inadvertently add to this environmental burden.

　　2. How Biodegradable Bags Work

　　Biodegradable dog poop bags are designed to break down through natural processes. They are typically made from materials like cornstarch, vegetable oils, and other plant-based ingredients. These materials decompose through the action of microorganisms, converting the bags into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. The rate of decomposition can vary depending on environmental conditions, but it is significantly faster than that of conventional plastic bags.

　　When you use a dog poop bag, you may feel a little proud because you are doing your part for environmental protection. When you see other people throwing away pet waste, you may feel angry because their behavior is damaging the environment. The environmentally friendly characteristics of compostable dog poop bag allow us to actively participate in environmental protection actions in our daily lives.

　　3. Making the Switch

　　Transitioning to biodegradable dog poop bags is a simple yet impactful way to support green living. By making this small change, you contribute to a larger movement towards reducing plastic waste and protecting the environment. Encourage fellow dog owners to join the cause and spread awareness about the benefits of using biodegradable bags.

　　4. Conclusion

　　Biodegradable dog poop bags are a practical and eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastic bags. They help reduce pollution, conserve resources, and protect wildlife, making them an essential tool for any environmentally conscious dog owner. By choosing biodegradable options, we take a step towards a cleaner, greener planet, ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.

　　Every time you want to send an international express, are you overwhelmed by the many freight forwarding companies? Worried about unreliable services? Afraid of encountering hidden costs?According to related reports, sourching agent To a large extent, it leads the changes of market conditions. https://flyportt.com/

　　Don’t be afraid!

　　FLY will give you a secret guide to choosing a freight forwarding company to help you avoid pitfalls easily~

　　1. Word of mouth is king, read the reviews before deciding

　　Before choosing a freight forwarding company, the most intuitive way is to check the reviews and feedback from other users. Social media, forums, Xiaohongshu and other platforms are all valuable channels for obtaining this information. Good reviews? That’s the first choice! Bad reviews? Let’s take a detour!

　　2. Qualification certification, safety first

　　Formal freight forwarding companies should have relevant qualifications and certifications, which are important certificates to protect rights and interests. When choosing, be sure to confirm whether the company has key certificates such as business license and international freight forwarding qualification certificate, none of which can be missing! After all, safety is the first priority for shipping!

　　freight forwarding company

　　3. Transparent prices, no hidden costs

　　In the process of consolidated shipping, the cost issue is often the most concerned issue. Therefore, when choosing a consolidated shipping company, you must ask for all the cost details, including freight, tariffs, handling fees, etc. Make sure the company can provide a clear and transparent quotation to avoid additional hidden costs during the shipping process. At the same time, you can also compare multiple companies and choose a service provider with a higher cost-effectiveness.

　　4. Professional customer service and timely response

　　During the delivery process, it is inevitable to encounter various problems and doubts. A good shipping company should have a professional customer service team that can respond to your inquiries and questions quickly. When choosing, you can first understand the company’s customer service department’s service attitude and professional level.

　　freight forwarding company

　　5. Extra services, extra points

　　In addition to the above basic elements, some shipping companies also provide additional value-added services, such as free warehousing, photo inspection, combined packaging, etc. Although these services are not necessary, they can greatly improve the delivery experience and satisfaction.

　　Choosing which surface treatment to use is a problem that every designer faces. There are many types of surface treatments to choose from, and not only should the economy and practicality of the design be considered, but also the processability of the assembly and even environmental protection requirements should be taken into consideration. The following is a brief introduction to some commonly used coatings for fasteners based on the above principles for reference.The industry believes that, non-standard fasteners price The development of our company marks the rapid and steady progress of the whole industry. https://jieruifasteners.com/

　　1. Electrogalvanizing

　　Electrogalvanizing is the most commonly used coating for commercial fasteners. It is relatively cheap and looks good. Common colors include black and military green. However, its anti-corrosion performance is average, and its anti-corrosion performance is the lowest among zinc plating (coating) layers. Generally, the neutral salt spray test of electrogalvanizing is within 72 hours. Special sealants are also used to make the neutral salt spray test reach more than 200 hours, but the price is expensive, which is 5 to 8 times that of general galvanizing. The torque-preload consistency of electrogalvanized fasteners is poor and unstable, and is generally not used for connections in important parts. In order to improve the torque-preload consistency, the method of applying lubricating substances after plating can also be used to improve and improve the torque-preload consistency.

　　2. Phosphating

　　A basic principle Phosphating is cheaper than galvanizing, but its corrosion resistance is worse than galvanizing. Oil should be applied after phosphating, and its corrosion resistance is greatly related to the performance of the oil applied. For example, after phosphating, applying general anti-rust oil, the neutral salt spray test is only 10 to 20 hours. Applying high-grade anti-rust oil can last for 72 to 96 hours. But its price is 2 to 3 times that of general phosphating oiling.

　　There are two common types of non-standard fasteners phosphating, zinc phosphating and manganese phosphating. Zinc phosphating has better lubrication performance than manganese phosphating, and manganese phosphating has better corrosion resistance and wear resistance than galvanizing. Its operating temperature can reach 225 degrees to 400 degrees Fahrenheit (107 to 204 degrees Celsius). Especially for the connection of some important parts. Such as the connecting rod bolts and nuts of the engine, cylinder heads, main bearings, flywheel bolts and wheel bolts and nuts. Phosphating high-strength bolts can also avoid hydrogen embrittlement problems, so in the industrial field, bolts above grade 10.9 are generally treated with phosphating surface treatment.

　　3. Oxidation blackening

　　Blackening + oiling is a very popular coating for industrial fasteners because it is the cheapest and looks good before the oil runs out. Since blackening has almost no anti-rust ability, it will rust quickly after oiling. Even in the presence of oil, the neutral salt spray test can only reach 3 to 5 hours.

　　4. Electroplating cadmium

　　Cadmium coating has good corrosion resistance, especially in marine atmospheric environment, its corrosion resistance is better than other surface treatments. The waste liquid treatment cost in the process of electroplating cadmium is high, and its price is about 15~20 times that of electroplating zinc. Therefore, it is not used in general industries and is only used in some specific environments. For example, it is used for non-standard fasteners for oil drilling platforms and HNA aircraft.