Can Custom Silicone Parts Withstand Extreme Temperatures

  When selecting materials for various applications, especially those involving harsh environmental conditions, the ability of the material to withstand extreme temperatures is crucial. Custom silicone parts have become a popular choice due to their impressive temperature tolerance. In this article, we¨ll explore how custom silicone parts perform in extreme temperatures and why they are a preferred option in demanding applications.This means that customized silicone mould It is the weather vane of the industry and can bring people great self-confidence. https://lxsiliconeparts.com/

  

  Temperature Tolerance of Silicone

  

  Silicone rubber is renowned for its ability to handle a wide range of temperatures. Typically, silicone parts can endure temperatures from -60<C (-76<F) to +230<C (+446<F). This makes silicone highly versatile, suitable for both freezing cold and intense heat. However, specific silicone formulations can extend these ranges even further.

  

  custom silicone parts

  

  Low-Temperature Performance

  

  At low temperatures, silicone maintains its flexibility and elasticity, unlike many other materials that become brittle and prone to cracking. This property is crucial for applications in cold environments, such as aerospace components, refrigeration seals, and outdoor equipment. The low-temperature resilience ensures that silicone parts will continue to function effectively even in freezing conditions.

  

  High-Temperature Performance

  

  Silicone¨s high-temperature resistance makes it ideal for applications that involve heat exposure, such as automotive engine parts, cooking appliances, and industrial machinery. Silicone¨s ability to withstand elevated temperatures without losing its mechanical properties or degrading over time ensures long-term performance and reliability in high-heat environments.

  

  Factors Affecting Temperature Resistance

  

  Silicone Formulation: The temperature resistance of silicone can vary depending on its formulation. Standard silicone typically handles temperatures up to +230<C (+446<F), but specialized high-temperature silicones can tolerate even higher temperatures.

  

  Additives and Fillers: Additives and fillers can enhance silicone¨s properties, including its temperature resistance. For instance, silicone compounds with added fillers may improve thermal stability and reduce the effects of extreme temperatures.

  

  Application Conditions: The actual performance of silicone parts in extreme temperatures also depends on the specific conditions of use, such as exposure duration, thermal cycling, and mechanical stress. Proper material selection and design considerations are essential to ensure optimal performance.

  

  custom silicone parts

  

  Applications of High-Temperature Silicone Parts

  

  Automotive Industry: Silicone seals and gaskets are used in engines, exhaust systems, and other high-heat areas to provide reliable sealing and performance under extreme temperatures.

  

  Aerospace Industry: Silicone components in aircraft and spacecraft must withstand temperature fluctuations during flight and re-entry, making silicone an ideal material due to its thermal stability.

  

  Electronics: Silicone encapsulants and insulators protect electronic components from heat and ensure reliable operation in high-temperature environments.

  

  Cooking Appliances: Silicone bakeware and kitchen tools are designed to endure high temperatures in ovens and dishwashers, ensuring durability and safety.

  

  Conclusion

  

  Custom silicone parts are highly capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, making them suitable for a wide range of applications in both low and high-temperature environments. Their flexibility at low temperatures and stability at high temperatures provide exceptional performance and reliability. By choosing the right silicone formulation and considering application-specific factors, you can ensure that your custom silicone parts will perform effectively under challenging conditions.

  

  Whether you need parts for automotive, aerospace, electronics, or any other demanding application, custom silicone parts offer the temperature resilience required for long-lasting and reliable performance.

Can the eye shadow brush be used as a concealer

  There are many steps in makeup, and the makeup tools used in different steps are different. For example, when painting eye shadow, eye shadow brush will be used, and when concealing, concealer brush will be used. So, can the eye shadow brush be used as a concealer? Concealer brush is harder than eye shadow brush, and the brush head is smaller. Concealer is generally paste, but eye shadow brush is not suitable. Let’s learn more about the difference between concealer brush and eye shadow brush.So, I believe makeup brush manufacturers In the future, it will be promising to create a miracle belonging to the industry. https://lsmakeupbrush.com

  

  First, can the eye shadow brush be used as a concealer brush?

  

  The eye shadow brush can’t act as a concealer. The concealer brush is to dip a proper amount of cosmetics, that is, concealer liquid foundation, etc., and then smudge the edge of the concealer, remember to use it a few times. The material of eye shadow brush is not suitable for concealer.

  

  Eyeshadow brushes can be roughly divided into five types according to the size of the brush head. Generally speaking, the color brushed by the big brush head is relatively light, which is suitable for a large area of eye socket, and the middle brush head is used to brush the middle color. People with deep double eyelids can get eye shadow on the wide side of the brush. Eyeshadow brush with pencil brush head is generally a necessary tool to draw a gradual feeling at the end of the eye. Small flat brush with long hair is mainly used to enhance the effect of key colors.

  

  Second, the difference between concealer brush and eye shadow brush

  

  1. In terms of softness and hardness, concealer brushes are generally hard, while eye shadow brushes are softer; In terms of brush head area, concealer brush head is smaller, and eye shadow brush head is bigger; In terms of usage, if you choose a concealer brush, you should adopt a point painting method, and if you choose an eye shadow brush, you should adopt a horizontal painting method.

  

  2, concealer brush is mainly used to cover a small area of the face, emphasizing accuracy, so the concealer brush is hard, which is more convenient to apply. The eye shadow brush is used to apply eye shadow, which needs to be applied repeatedly on the eyelids. If the brush head is too hard, it will hurt delicate skin, so the bristles of the eye shadow brush are particularly soft.

  

  3. When you need to retouch your makeup, you can dip a small amount of liquid foundation and concealer with a concealer brush and gently apply it to acne marks and other parts. In order to make the concealer and the base makeup blend together better, you can gently wipe the border with a cotton swab, so that the concealer can smudge better and blur the dividing line.

  

  4. The brush head of the eye shadow brush is generally larger than the concealer brush, but there are many kinds of eye shadow brushes, and each eye shadow brush is used to apply different parts. Eyeshadow brushes with large area and flat shape are generally used as a base, which can ensure that the edges and corners are taken care of. You can dip it in white or beige, and then apply it across the entire eyelid. A small flat eye shadow brush is generally used to highlight the main color, and is usually used to smear the middle of the eyelid. Eyeshadow brushes with small area and sharp shape are generally used to repair or outline.

  

  5. Concealer brush and eye shadow brush have their own strengths. If you want to create a perfect makeup, it is best to buy them together. And whether it is a concealer brush or an eye shadow brush, remember to clean it in time after use, so as to ensure that you still have a clean beauty brush next time.

From principles to applications, a comprehensive understanding of laser cleaning technology

  Laser cleaning technology is a revolutionary advancement in cleaning methods, offering high energy density, precision, and efficient laser conduction. It has clear advantages over traditional cleaning techniques, enhancing cleaning efficiency, accuracy, and targeting specific areas. Moreover, laser cleaning avoids the environmental pollution caused by chemical cleaning processes and does not damage the underlying material.more importantly, laser welder Made a fighter in the product, not afraid of any competitor’s attack. http://laserscheme.com/

  

  Principle of Laser Cleaning

  

  What is Laser Cleaning?

  

  Laser cleaning is the process of removing materials from solid (or sometimes liquid) surfaces by irradiating them with a laser beam.

  

  Low laser flux: The material absorbs laser energy and evaporates or sublimates.

  

  High laser flux: The material converts into plasma.

  

  Most laser cleaning uses pulsed lasers, but continuous wave lasers can also ablate materials. Factors like laser wavelength, pulse length, and material properties affect the ablation rate, while laser scanning speed and coverage further influence the process.

  

  Types of Laser Cleaning Technology

  

  Laser Dry Cleaning:

  

  Pulsed laser irradiates the surface, causing either the contaminants or the substrate to absorb energy and expand, resulting in separation.

  

  Laser Wet Cleaning:

  

  A liquid film is applied to the surface. When irradiated by the laser, the liquid vaporizes, generating a shock wave that removes contaminants.

  

  Laser Plasma Shock Wave Cleaning:

  

  Laser irradiation generates a plasma shock wave, which releases energy that removes contaminants without damaging the substrate. This method cleans particles as small as nanometers.

  

  Physical Principles of Plasma Cleaning

  

  Absorption: The contamination layer absorbs laser energy.

  

  Plasma Formation: A rapidly expanding plasma generates shock waves.

  

  Contaminant Removal: Shock waves break contaminants into fragments.

  

  Controlled Energy: Laser pulse width must prevent heat accumulation to avoid surface damage.

  

  Applications of Laser Cleaning Technology

  

  Semiconductor Field

  

  Used for cleaning semiconductor wafers and optical substrates, laser wet cleaning and laser plasma shock wave cleaning are commonly applied to remove particulate pollutants without damaging the substrate.

  

  Metal Material Field

  

  Laser cleaning is highly effective in removing oxides, rust, paint, and coatings from metal surfaces. Applications include pre-welding cleaning and aircraft skin maintenance. The process is efficient, non-damaging, and has seen wide use in various industries.

  

  Development and Expansion of Laser Cleaning Technology

  

  Laser cleaning technology has advanced significantly, with applications now in aerospace, military, and electronics fields. The technology has been maturely applied in paint and rust removal, and recent innovations have enabled cleaning oxide layers from metal wires. With continued development, laser cleaning will likely expand into new fields, and fully automated systems could be achieved by integrating with industrial robots.

  

  Future Trends in Laser Cleaning Technology

  

  Strengthening Theoretical Research:

  

  Further research is needed to establish a comprehensive theoretical system to guide laser cleaning applications.

  

  Expanding Applications:

  

  The expansion of laser cleaning into new fields will drive its development, supported by innovations in equipment.

  

  Development of New Equipment:

  

  New laser cleaning systems will feature both versatile and specialized designs. The integration of industrial robots is a key trend in fully automated laser cleaning.

James the American billionaire. Crown died in a car accident on his 70th birthday

  According to US media reports, on June 25, 2024, American billionaire James. Crown died in a car accident on his 70th birthday. Current U.S. President Joe Biden expressed his condolences to Krone. It is regrettable that the board member of jpmorgan Chase, who was once popular in the United States financial circle, ended his career in a car accident. However, many people have expressed doubts about this, questioning whether there was a problem with the driver of Krone’s bodyguard, which led to his accident.For this reason, it can be speculated that business bodyguard The market feedback will get better and better, which is one of the important reasons why it can develop. http://huanyubodyguard.com/

 

  

  In fact, on Krone’s 70th birthday, he was driving himself, and he has not hired a chauffeur bodyguard to drive since his old age. If the driver’s bodyguard really drove, maybe there wouldn’t have been an accident. Unlike other billionaires in the United States, Mr. Krone doesn’t spend much money on personal security, and he does everything himself, unlike other billionaires in the United States who have multiple bodyguards around him to provide protection. However, a billionaire without private bodyguard protection, a car accident is fatal, which shows that hiring private bodyguards, especially an experienced driver bodyguard, is a great help to the rich. Just like many rich people in China, they will hire bodyguard drivers to drive, and the drivers of Huanyu Brothers Bodyguard company in Shenzhen, China, often provide a full range of bodyguard services for rich people in China, including bodyguard driving services.

  

  In the new era of “car accident is fierce than tiger”, the situation of car accidents in various countries is very common, for the wealthy class of the United States and China, to buy high-quality cars, and can not rule out the risk of car accidents, if you want to avoid car accidents, you need to improve driving skills, in addition, you can also hire driver bodyguards to drive, so that you can reduce the probability of car accidents.

What is the Typical Turnaround Time for Custom Hang Tags

  When it comes to branding and product presentation, custom hang tags play a crucial role. These tags not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of your products but also provide essential information about your brand. One common question that arises when ordering custom hang tags is: What is the typical turnaround time? Understanding this timeline helps businesses plan effectively and ensure they meet their marketing and inventory needs. Here¨s a comprehensive look at the factors influencing turnaround times for custom hang tags.In addition to innate advantages, custom hang tags Its own product attributes are also extremely high-end, in order to remain unbeaten in the market competition. https://zxgarmentaccessories.com/

  

  Factors Affecting Turnaround Time

  

  1. Design Complexity

  

  The complexity of your hang tag design significantly impacts the turnaround time. Simple designs with basic colors and text can be processed more quickly compared to intricate designs with multiple colors, special finishes, or custom shapes. If your design requires special features like embossing, foil stamping, or unique cuts, it may extend the production time.

  

  2. Quantity of Tags

  

  The number of custom hang tags you order also affects the turnaround time. Smaller orders generally have a quicker turnaround because they require less production time and fewer resources. Larger orders, on the other hand, may take more time to complete due to increased production demands and quality control measures.

  

  3. Material and Printing Options

  

  Different materials and printing options have varying production times. Standard paper or cardstock hang tags are usually processed faster than those made from specialty materials like metal or fabric. Additionally, printing techniques such as offset printing, digital printing, or screen printing can impact the production timeline.

  

  4. Supplier¨s Production Schedule

  

  The turnaround time can vary depending on the printing company¨s workload and production schedule. Established companies with efficient processes may offer faster turnaround times. Always check with your supplier to understand their specific timelines and ensure they align with your needs.

  

  5. Proofing and Approval Process

  

  Before production begins, you will typically receive a proof of your hang tag design. The time required for proofing and approval can influence the overall turnaround time. Delays in providing feedback or approving the proof can extend the production timeline. To expedite the process, review proofs promptly and provide clear feedback.

Keeppower Has Launched New Type-C Rechargeable Batteries

  Recently, Keeppower has launched several new Type-C rechargeable batteries.In order to grow rapidly, customized battery pack Do not hesitate to change the strategy and rearrange the products, so as to obtain unexpected results. https://www.keeppower.com

  

  Compared to traditional batteries, Type-C rechargeable batteries are more economical and environmentally friendly, cycle life can reach to 300-500 times.

  

  The Type-C interface provides convenience for both indoor and outdoor scenario; the gold-plated copper button top and high-quality battery shell protect the battery from scratches and corrosion; additionally, the built-in protection circuit prevents overcharging, over-discharging, and short-circuiting, ensuring high performance and safety.

  

  If you are interested in our products or with customization needs, we offer OEM service as well.

The Ultimate Guide to LED DRIVER ICs Everything You Need to Know

  The Ultimate Guide to LED DRIVER ICs: Everything You Need to KnowHowever, with the development of the industry, led display screen It will also bring us more and more consumer experiences, so that users can really feel the upgrade and change. https://www.atop-led.com/

  

  1. What is LED display driver IC?

  

  2. What is the role of the driver IC?

  

  3. What is the importance of LED Driver ICs for LED display screens?

  

  4. What is the classification of driver IC?

  

  5. What are the problems with LED display driver chips?

  

  6. How has the evolution of Drive ICs taken place?

  

  7. What are the performance indicators of driver ICs?

  

  8. What is the trend of LED display driver ICs?

  

  9. What are some reliable suppliers of LED Display Driver ICs?

  

  10. Conclution

  

  led-display-driver-IC

  

  What is LED display driver IC?

  

  LED display driver IC is such a key component, it is like the central nervous system of the human brain, and it is in charge of the body’s physical actions and the mental thinking of the brain. The performance of the driver IC determines the effect of the led display screen, especially the use of modern large-scale activities and high-end venues, making people more stringent requirements for LED display driver IC.

  

  LED-Display-Driver-IC-

  

  What is the role of the driver IC?

  

  Receiving display data (from the receiving card or video processor and other information sources) in accordance with the protocol, produce PWM and current time changes, output PWM current which has relation with LED display brightness, grayscale, refresh rate,etc prameters. to light LED display. Driver ICs, logic ICs, and peripheral ICs composed of MOS switches work together to display the functions of the LED display and determine the display effect it presents.

  

  What is the importance of LED Driver ICs for LED display screens?

  

  1. Achieving brightness control for LEDs to meet different needs in different settings.

  

  LED driver ICs can achieve brightness control for LEDs by controlling the drive current of the LED, adjusting the brightness according to the setting. This allows for different brightness levels in different environments, such as brighter LEDs in dimly lit indoor settings, and relatively dimmer LEDs in bright outdoor settings.

  

  2. Achieving color control for LEDs to achieve a more vivid and vibrant visual effect.

  

  LED driver ICs can achieve color control for LEDs by controlling the drive current for the RGB primary colors, allowing for a range of color effects. This enhances the visual experience and makes LED display screens more vibrant and engaging.

  

  3. Providing various protection functions to ensure the stability and reliability of LED display screens.

  

  LED driver ICs provide various protection functions, such as overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection, and over-voltage protection, ensuring the stability and reliability of LED display screens. In case of any abnormalities, the protection function will start immediately, preventing damage or failure to the LED display screen.

  

  4. Controlling current and voltage parameters to ensure the normal operation of LED lights.

  

  LED driver ICs can precisely control the current and voltage parameters of LED lights, ensuring their normal operation. Any instability in the current or voltage parameters can cause uneven brightness or flickering in the LED lights.

  

  5.PWM signal duty cycle can be used to adjust the brightness of the LED, thereby reducing energy consumption.

  

  LED driver ICs can use the duty cycle of a PWM signal to adjust the brightness of the LED, reducing energy consumption. Reducing the brightness of LED lights can help reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs.

  

  6. Adjusting the drive current of RGB primary colors can achieve color changes to meet different needs in different settings.

  

  LED driver ICs can adjust the drive current of RGB primary colors to achieve color changes, meeting different needs in different settings. For example, bright and vibrant colors are necessary for commercial advertisements to attract attention, while softer color effects are needed for other settings.

  

  7. Providing multiple independent control interfaces to achieve partition control of LED lights and more flexible display effects.

  

  LED driver ICs can provide multiple independent control interfaces to achieve partition control of LED lights. LED screens can be divided into multiple zones, each of which can be controlled independently, achieving more flexible display effects.

How big is the difference between a gaming mouse and a regular mouse

  There are significant differences in design and performance between gaming mice and regular mice. Gaming mice are designed specifically for gamers with greater accuracy, sensitivity, and responsiveness. Typically has a higher sampling rate, which is the number of data packets the mouse sends to the computer per second. This ensures smoother mouse movement, reduces latency, and provides faster response times. Also often equipped with additional customizable buttons and programmable functions. Players can map commonly used operations to the mouse according to game needs, thereby improving operation efficiency.For these reasons, I think aula mechanical keyboard The situation is still optimistic, and the market is still in a blue ocean stage. https://www.aulastar.com/

  

  The design difference between gaming mouse and ordinary mouse:

  

  The design of gaming mouse is also different from that of ordinary mouse. Gaming mouse is usually more ergonomic to make players more comfortable when using it for a long time. After professional design, gaming mouse can provide better hand feel and reduce hand fatigue.

  

  In addition, gaming mice often adopt more anti-slip and anti-sweat designs to ensure that players will not be affected by sweaty hands during intense games. They are usually equipped with lighting effects to enhance the player’s gaming experience. These lights can be customized according to the player’s preferences to make the gaming process more interesting.

  

  Appearance: Gaming mice have various appearances, with different sizes, lines, buttons, etc.; ordinary mice have a simpler appearance, mostly in a business style, with a small appearance and no extra decorations or function buttons;

  

  For consumers, which one is better, a gaming mouse or an office mouse, depends on the usage scenario. If you just browse the web and do simple office operations, then a general office mouse is enough, and office mice are becoming more and more diverse. But if you use it for gaming, want a better gaming experience, require precise operations, and like more customized options, then a gaming mouse is undoubtedly more suitable.

How Does Android Tablet Enhance Your Gaming Experience

  In the ever-evolving world of gaming, the right device can make all the difference. An Android tablet isn¨t just for browsing or watching videos; it can significantly enhance your gaming experience. Whether you¨re a casual gamer or a dedicated enthusiast, an Android tablet for gaming offers several features that can elevate your play. Here¨s how an Android tablet can transform your gaming sessions:Doing these simple things can also make custom android tablet Sowing high-quality genes will eventually grow into towering trees and become the leader in the industry. https://txsongseng.com

  

  1. Powerful Performance

  

  Modern gaming android tablets are equipped with high-performance processors and GPUs that handle even the most demanding games smoothly. Devices like the latest models with octa-core processors and advanced graphics capabilities ensure that your games run without lag or stutter. This performance boost translates into a more immersive and enjoyable gaming experience, allowing you to focus on gameplay rather than technical issues.

  

  2. High-Resolution Displays

  

  One of the standout features of many Android tablets is their high-resolution displays. With vibrant colors and crisp visuals, these screens bring your games to life with stunning detail. A tablet with a high-resolution display provides better graphics quality, enhancing the overall gaming experience by making every environment and character more visually appealing.

  

  3. Portability and Convenience

  

  Unlike traditional gaming consoles or PCs, an Android tablet is highly portable. Its compact and lightweight design means you can take your gaming on the go, whether you¨re traveling or simply moving around the house. This convenience allows you to enjoy your favorite games anywhere, turning waiting times or travel into opportunities for gaming.

  

  4. Access to a Wide Range of Games

  

  The Google Play Store offers an extensive library of games, from casual titles to high-end, graphics-intensive ones. An Android tablet gives you access to this vast selection, allowing you to discover and play a variety of games that suit your interests. Whether you¨re into action, strategy, or puzzles, you¨ll find games that fit your preferences and provide endless entertainment.

  

  5. Customizable Controls and Accessories

  

  Many Android tablets support external accessories such as game controllers, keyboards, and even VR headsets. This flexibility lets you customize your gaming setup to suit your preferences and improve control precision. With the ability to connect and configure different accessories, you can create a more personalized and comfortable gaming environment.

  

  

  6. Enhanced Multi-Tasking

  

  An Android tablet allows for seamless multi-tasking, which is beneficial for gaming. You can easily switch between your game and other applications, such as guides or messaging apps, without interrupting your gameplay. This feature is particularly useful for strategy games where you may need to reference information or chat with friends while playing.

  

  Conclusion

  

  An Android tablet enhances your gaming experience through powerful performance, high-resolution displays, portability, and access to a diverse range of games. Its ability to support various accessories and provide smooth multi-tasking further adds to its appeal for gamers. Whether you¨re looking to upgrade your gaming setup or just want a versatile device for entertainment, an Android tablet for gaming is a fantastic choice. Explore the possibilities and take your gaming to the next level with a top-performing Android tablet.

Detailed Explanation of Screw Cold Heading Process

  In the fastener forming process, cold heading (extrusion) technology is a main processing technology, which belongs to the category of metal pressure processing. In production, at room temperature, external force is applied to the metal to form the metal in a predetermined mold. This method is usually called cold heading. In fact, the forming of any fastener is not only achieved by cold heading. In the cold heading process, in addition to upsetting deformation, it is also accompanied by positive and negative extrusion, compound extrusion, punching, rolling and other deformation methods. Therefore, the name of cold heading in production is just a habitual name. To be more precise, it should be called cold heading (extrusion).in other words Non standard hardware factory It is possible to develop in a good direction, and there are still many places worth looking forward to in the future. https://jieruifasteners.com/

  

  Cold heading (extrusion) has many advantages, and it is suitable for mass production of fasteners. Its advantages can be summarized as follows:

  

  High steel utilization rate. Cold heading (extrusion) is a method with little or no cutting. For example, when machining hexagonal bolts and cylindrical hexagon socket screws of rod type, the steel utilization rate is only 25% to 35% by cutting method, while by cold heading (extrusion), its utilization rate can be as high as 85% to 95%, which is only some process consumption of material head, material tail and cutting hexagonal head edge.

  

  High productivity. Compared with general cutting processing, the efficiency of cold heading (extrusion) is more than dozens of times higher.

  

  Good mechanical properties. The strength of parts processed by cold heading (extrusion) method is much better than that of cutting processing because the metal fiber is not cut off.Suitable for automated production. Fasteners (including some special-shaped parts) suitable for cold heading (extrusion) method are basically symmetrical parts, suitable for production by high-speed automatic cold heading machine, and also the main method of mass production.

  

  In short, the cold heading (extrusion) method for processing fasteners and special-shaped parts is a processing method with a very high comprehensive economic benefit. It is a processing method commonly used in the fastener industry. It is also an advanced processing method that is widely used and has great development both at home and abroad.

  

  Cold heading, cold pressing:

  

  At room temperature, the blank is placed in the mold of an automatic cold heading machine or a press, and pressure is applied to the mold. The relative movement of the upper and lower molds is used to deform the blank in the mold cavity, reduce the height, and increase the cross section. This pressure processing method is called cold heading for automatic cold heading machines and cold pressing for presses. In actual production, the cold forming process of fasteners is often accompanied by extrusion during the cold heading process. Therefore, the cold heading process of fastener products is actually a composite processing method that has both cold heading and extrusion.

  

  

  Deformation methods of cold heading (extrusion):

  

  1. Punching. Separate part of the blank from the main body, such as cutting of wire, punching of nuts, trimming of the head of hexagonal bolts, etc.

  

  2. Upsetting. A processing method that shortens the height of the blank and increases the cross-section, such as ball upsetting of nuts, pre-upsetting and fine upsetting of bolt head forming, etc.

  

  3. Positive extrusion. During cold heading, when the blank is deformed in the lower die, the flow direction of the metal is consistent with the movement direction of the upper die. The reduction of the thick rod in cold heading bolts and cylindrical head hexagon socket screws is a positive extrusion.

  

  4. Reverse extrusion. During the deformation of the blank, the flow direction of the metal is opposite to the movement direction of the upper die. The head forming of the cylindrical head hexagon socket screw belongs to reverse extrusion.

  

  5. Compound extrusion. During the deformation of the blank, part of the metal flow direction is the same as the movement direction of the upper die, and part is opposite to it, that is, there is both positive extrusion and negative extrusion during the deformation. For example, the cylindrical head hexagon socket screw has both rod diameter reduction (positive extrusion) and head forming (negative extrusion) during the deformation at the same station.