Monthly Archives: September 2024

　　In the fastener forming process, cold heading (extrusion) technology is a main processing technology, which belongs to the category of metal pressure processing. In production, at room temperature, external force is applied to the metal to form the metal in a predetermined mold. This method is usually called cold heading. In fact, the forming of any fastener is not only achieved by cold heading. In the cold heading process, in addition to upsetting deformation, it is also accompanied by positive and negative extrusion, compound extrusion, punching, rolling and other deformation methods. Therefore, the name of cold heading in production is just a habitual name. To be more precise, it should be called cold heading (extrusion).As can be seen from the new data, non-standard fasteners price The market influence is also growing, and the product share is also relatively increasing, which has great potential in the future. https://jieruifasteners.com/

　　Cold heading (extrusion) has many advantages, and it is suitable for mass production of fasteners. Its advantages can be summarized as follows:

　　1. High steel utilization rate. Cold heading (extrusion) is a method with little or no cutting. For example, when processing hexagonal bolts and cylindrical socket screws of rods, the steel utilization rate is only 25% to 35% by cutting, while the utilization rate can be as high as 85% to 95% by cold heading (extrusion), which is only some process consumption of the head, tail and hexagonal head edge.

　　High productivity. Compared with general cutting, the efficiency of cold heading (extrusion) is more than dozens of times higher.

　　2. Good mechanical properties. The strength of parts processed by cold heading (extrusion) method is much better than that of cutting because the metal fibers are not cut.

　　3. Suitable for automated production. Fasteners (including some special-shaped parts) suitable for cold heading (extrusion) method are basically symmetrical parts, suitable for production by high-speed automatic cold heading machine, and are also the main method of mass production.

　　In short, the cold heading (extrusion) method for processing fasteners and special-shaped parts is a processing method with a relatively high comprehensive economic benefit. It is a processing method commonly used in the fastener industry. It is also an advanced processing method that is widely used and developed at home and abroad.

　　At room temperature, the blank is placed in the mold of an automatic cold heading machine or a press, and pressure is applied to the mold. The relative movement of the upper and lower molds is used to deform the blank in the mold cavity, reduce the height, and increase the cross-section. This pressure processing method is called cold heading for automatic cold heading machines and cold pressing for presses. In actual production, the cold forming process of fasteners is often accompanied by extrusion during the cold heading process. Therefore, the cold heading process of fastener products alone is actually a composite processing method that has both cold heading and extrusion.

　　Is it better to have a multi-core cable or a single-core cable? The difference between single-core cables and multi-core cables. Power cables are generally divided into single-core, double-core and three-core cables. Among them, single-core cables refer to cables with only one conductor in one insulation layer, while double-core cables refer to cables with two conductors in one insulation layer. In fact, both have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, when the line of a single-core cable is long, when the control circuit with a large current is used or when it is laid in water, in order to prevent or reduce the middle connector, or when single-core cables have better comprehensive safety engineering than multi-core cables, single-core cables can be used.This is due to custom multicore cable Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry. https://www.linkcablecn.com

　　Is it better to have a multi-core cable or a single-core cable?

　　1. From the current point of view, the current passing through a multi-core cable with the same cross-sectional area is relatively larger than that of a single-core cable, and the load is large.

　　2. From the perspective of power loss, the two ends of the single-core cableare directly grounded, and the metal shielding layer of the cable may also generate circulating current that can reach the current carrying capacity of the cable, which wastes power and forms loss. Multi-core cables are generally three-core cables, because during the operation of the cable, the sum of the currents flowing through the three cores is zero, and there is basically no induced voltage at both ends of the cable metal shielding layer.

　　3. From the perspective of cost, among the wires of the same cross-sectional area, the cost of single-core cables is cheaper than that of multi-core cables, and multi-core cables are slightly more expensive.

　　4. From the perspective of installation, single-core cables appear harder when passing through pipes, while multi-core cables are softer and easier to wire.

　　Multicore Flexible Cables.jpg

　　Multicore Flexible Cable.jpg

　　The difference between single-core cables and multi-core cables

　　2-core cables: When the neutral line of 1kv and below power supplies is directly grounded, the number of cable cores of the single-phase control circuit should be 2-core cables when the maintenance line and the neutral point share the same conductor. For control circuits that can be powered by DC, 2-core cables should be used.

　　3-core cable: When the neutral line of 1kv and below power supply is directly grounded, the number of cable cores of the single-phase power control circuit is: When the protection line and neutral point are separate, it is advisable to use a 3-core cable.

　　4-core cable: 1kv and below 4-core cable (3+1 cable), in which the fourth core is used as a grounding protection, and also carries the unbalanced current and short-circuit capacity of the power supply system. (To learn more about cable technology, please click here, a lot of dry goods are waiting for you) Its size is determined by the unbalanced current and short-circuit capacity, but generally cannot be less than 1/2 of the phase line.

　　5-core cable: 1kv and below three-phase four-wire distribution room system, some electrical equipment distribution lines with higher safety requirements, and some communication centers and automation equipment that must ensure power safety and anti-interference grounding, it is advisable to use 5 copper core cable TN-C distribution room system, so that the protection line (PE line) and neutral point (PN line) are independent, and the cable core section is generally 3 large and 2 small or 4 large and 1 small or 5 large.

　　Multicore Flexible Cable supplier.jpg

　　The difference between 4-core cable and 3+1 core cable: 1kv and below three-phase four-wire distribution room system, when the protection line and neutral point share the same conductor, 4-core cable should be used, and the method of 3-core cable plus single-core cable to form a circuit cannot be used, or even the method of directly using the metal sheath or armored cable layer of 3-core cable as the neutral point. Otherwise, when the 3-phase current is unbalanced, it is equivalent to the operation of a single-core cable, which is easy to cause DC interference.

　　Have you ever encountered this situation when sending international express? You were waiting for the express delivery happily, but suddenly received a notice of return or seizure by customs?Actually, it’s not just this reason, sourching agent Its own advantages are also obvious, and it is normal for the market to perform well. https://flyportt.com/

　　Don’t worry, today we will uncover this “mystery” and teach you how to distinguish between general goods, sensitive goods and prohibited goods, so that your package can be delivered safely!

　　1. Why should we distinguish items?

　　Choose the right mailing route, worry-free and efficient: Different items have different transportation requirements. Understanding their classification can help you choose the right mailing method and avoid unnecessary trouble and delays.

　　A wise move before online shopping: Before placing an order, understand clearly which items can be mailed and which require special channels. This can greatly save your time and energy and avoid the embarrassment of buying something but not being able to mail it.

　　fastener concerns

　　2. How to distinguish items?

　　Ordinary items (general goods): These items are on the “white list” for customs inspection, such as: unbranded clothing, shoes, bags, furniture, etc. They are not electrically or magnetically charged, and do not involve safety hazards, so they can be sent with confidence.

　　Sensitive items: Special attention should be paid to these goods, such as food (especially meat and Chinese medicine), cosmetics, electronic products, medicines, powders, liquids, and luxury brands. Although they are not absolutely prohibited, they often require specific transportation channels or stricter packaging requirements.

　　Prohibited items: These are the “red lines” that cannot be mailed, including fresh fruits and vegetables, psychotropic drugs, knives, alcohol perfumes, sprays and other flammable and explosive items. Once sent, they will not only be returned by customs, but may also face legal penalties

　　3. Tips for safe mailing of sensitive goods

　　Choose the right channel: Sensitive goods go through special sensitive lines or EMS routes, which usually have a lower probability of inspection for sensitive goods.

　　Small quantities and multiple times: For liquid and powder items, it is recommended to mail a small amount each time to avoid mixing with general goods and reduce the risk of being inspected.

　　Formal packaging: Food, especially dried meat and Chinese medicine, must have formal packaging and trademarks to prove its legality and safety.

　　Insurance escort: Purchase insurance for the package. In the event of accidental detention or damage, you can get corresponding compensation to reduce losses.

　　fastener concerns

　　Are you already feeling dizzy with the dazzling array of goods and complicated mailing rules? Don’t worry, Xiaoji is always on call, and can answer all your questions about general goods, sensitive goods, and prohibited goods.

　　In today’s globalized world, sending large items across borders has become a daily need for many people, whether it is moving, studying abroad or cross-border e-commerce. However, facing the high international express delivery costs, especially the shipping costs of large items, people are often discouraged.As we all know, freight agents The emergence of the market is worthy of many people’s attention, which has aroused the waves of the whole market. https://flyportt.com/

　　Don’t worry, today we will talk about the money-saving strategy for sending large items by international express, so that your wallet will no longer be “hurt”!

　　>. Clarify your needs and choose the right channel

　　1. International air transport: flexible but with restrictions

　　Although international air transport is fast, not all options are suitable for large items. Postal parcels and international special lines are basically excluded due to weight restrictions. Although international EMS can theoretically deliver up to 30kg, the delivery time is unstable and the cost increases with weight. Commercial express (such as DHL, UPS, etc.) has no weight limit, but there will be an overweight surcharge for more than 60kg, and the volume weight calculation is not favorable for large items. If the quantity of goods is large and there are requirements for delivery time, air delivery is a good choice, with relatively affordable prices and stable delivery time.

　　save money

　　2. International shipping: cost-effective choice

　　For large items, sea shipping is undoubtedly the most cost-effective option. Although it takes a long time (usually more than 25 days), the freight is much lower than air shipping, which is especially suitable for situations where you are not in a hurry to receive the goods. However, please note that some countries may not be able to ship by sea, so you need to consult and confirm in advance.

　　save money

　　3. European Railway Transport (China-Europe Express): Stable and Economical

　　If your destination is Europe or the Middle East, China-Europe Express is a good choice. It is not only cheap, but also relatively stable in terms of logistics time. Although the overall time is relatively long (20-35 days), it is suitable for goods that have a certain tolerance for time.

　　save money

　　4. Truck transport (China-Europe truck transport): a balance between speed and economy

　　As an emerging mode of transport, China-Europe truck transport stands out for its speed close to air transport and price far lower than air transport. The average delivery time of 15 to 25 days, coupled with the price being only about 60% of air transport, makes it the best option in some scenarios. It is especially suitable for customers who have certain requirements for timeliness but want to save costs.

　　>. Reasonable packaging to reduce volume weight

　　Large items are often accompanied by high volume weight charges, so reasonable packaging is crucial.

　　Using lightweight materials such as bubble film and foam board instead of heavy cartons can effectively reduce volume weight and thus reduce freight. At the same time, try to place items compactly and reduce gaps to achieve the same effect.

　　save money

　　>. Take advantage of discounts and offers

　　Many international express delivery companies will regularly launch discounts or membership offers. Paying attention to this information and placing orders at the right time can further save on shipping costs.

　　In addition, if you cooperate with reliable logistics agents, they can often get more favorable prices and provide professional packaging and customs declaration services, making your mailing process more worry-free and labor-saving.

　　Choosing the right touch sensor can significantly impact the performance and user experience of your device. Whether you’re designing a new product or upgrading an existing one, here’s a detailed guide from Singway to help you select the best touch sensor for your needs.In order to facilitate users to have a better experience, membrane switch Many attempts have been made to upgrade the products, and the results are also very good, and the market performance tends to be in a good state. https://singway-touch.com/

　　touch sensor

　　1. Understand Touch Sensor Types

　　There are several types of touch sensors, each with unique characteristics:

　　Capacitive Touch Sensors: These sensors detect changes in capacitance caused by the touch of a finger. They are highly responsive and commonly used in smartphones and tablets. They offer excellent durability and can support multi-touch functionality.

　　Resistive Touch Sensors: These sensors consist of two conductive layers separated by a small gap. When pressure is applied, the layers touch each other, registering the input. They are versatile and work with any stylus or object, making them suitable for environments where users might wear gloves.

　　Infrared Touch Sensors: These use infrared light beams to detect touch. They are highly accurate and work in various lighting conditions. Infrared sensors are ideal for large displays or kiosks.

　　Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensors: These sensors use ultrasonic waves to detect touch. They provide high clarity and sensitivity, making them ideal for applications where image quality is crucial, like in high-resolution touch screens.

　　2. Consider Your Application

　　The choice of touch sensor depends heavily on your application:

　　Consumer Electronics: For devices like smartphones and tablets, capacitive sensors are often preferred due to their sensitivity and multi-touch capabilities.

　　Industrial Applications: In rugged environments, resistive sensors might be more suitable due to their durability and ability to work with various input devices.

　　Large Displays: For interactive kiosks or large touch screens, infrared and SAW sensors offer high accuracy and responsiveness.

　　3. Evaluate Sensor Size and Resolution

　　The size and resolution of the touch sensor should match your application¨s requirements:

　　Screen Size: Ensure the sensor can cover the entire screen area. Larger screens may require sensors with specific characteristics to maintain performance and accuracy.

　　Resolution: Higher resolution sensors offer more precise touch detection. This is crucial for applications requiring fine touch input, such as graphic design or detailed data entry.

　　4. Assess Environmental Factors

　　Consider the environmental conditions where the sensor will be used:

　　Temperature and Humidity: Ensure the sensor can operate effectively in the temperature and humidity ranges of your application environment. Some sensors are designed for extreme conditions and offer better performance in challenging environments.

　　Exposure to Contaminants: In environments where dust, liquids, or other contaminants are present, choose sensors with protective coatings or designs that prevent these issues from affecting performance.

　　5. Multi-Touch and Gestures

　　If your application requires advanced user interactions:

　　Multi-Touch Capability: Capacitive and SAW sensors are excellent for multi-touch applications, allowing for complex gestures and simultaneous inputs.

　　Gesture Recognition: Some touch sensors support gesture recognition, enabling users to perform specific actions with swipes, pinches, and other gestures.

　　6. Power Consumption

　　Consider the power requirements of the touch sensor:

　　Low Power Consumption: For battery-powered devices, choose sensors that consume minimal power to extend battery life without compromising performance.

　　7. Cost vs. Performance

　　Balancing cost and performance is crucial:

　　Budget Constraints: While high-end sensors offer superior performance, there are often cost-effective options that still meet the necessary requirements. Evaluate the performance-to-cost ratio to find a suitable sensor within your budget.

　　From the plastic restriction order to the plastic ban order, people’s environmental awareness is constantly improving. However, plastic bags are indispensable in supermarkets and homes, so more and more consumers are beginning to pay attention to biodegradable t-shirt bags and fully compostable t-shirt bags. So what are the characteristics of these bags, how do they degrade, and why is there such a significant difference in price?from recycle trash bags From the reference value, it can also bring a lot of inspiration to other industries. https://biodegradable-gd.com

　　Different materials

　　Ordinary plastic bags: The main raw material is polyethylene.

　　Biodegradable t-shirt bags: Synthesized by adding a certain proportion of starch, cellulose, photosensitizer, biodegradation agent and other raw materials to non-biodegradable polymer materials.

　　Fully biodegradable bags: PBAT and PLA (polylactic acid, a bio-based degradable material synthesized by fermenting corn into lactic acid and then polymerizing) and starch.

　　Degradation time is different. It takes 200 years for ordinary non-degradable plastic bags to degrade. The various eco-friendly t-shirt bags on the market all refer to those containing plastic components plus specific degradation masterbatch or degradation bacteria. Their form is disintegrated plastic, and there are still plastic molecular structures remaining in the soil and water. Under composting and landfilling conditions, fully eco-friendly t-shirt bags are completely degraded by microorganisms into carbon dioxide, inorganic salts and water within 180 days, directly entering the soil and being absorbed by plants; they can also be degraded in general environments and will not pollute the environment.

　　Biodegradable t shirt bags bulk

　　Biodegradable t shirt bags

　　Biodegradable t shirt bags for sale

　　After understanding the differences between these plastic bags, do you have a new understanding? Now let’s take a look at the advantages of fully biodegradable bags! Using fully biodegradable bags can greatly reduce white pollution; they can also be degraded under composting and landfilling conditions and serve as nutrients for plants. The bag is soft to the touch and uses special process film blowing technology, which has strong toughness and tensile strength; the degradation ability is better than other materials, the life is longer than paper bags, and the cost is lower than paper bags. In addition to the different ingredients, fully compostable t-shirt bags and ordinary plastic bags have the same functions. They can be beautifully printed, of moderate size, and can be packaged for many products. Fully compostable t-shirt bags are soft, wear-resistant, foldable, and have good texture. They can be recycled or composted.

　　Everyone should know how powerful full biodegradable t-shirt bags is, right? Green Dot Spring advocates the concept of green development and has been committed to the research and development of green production, degradable, recyclable, lightweight and reduced-volume products. Now, Green Dot Spring – a new fully biodegradable t-shirt bags has been launched on the market. New and old customers are welcome to consult and purchase!

　　With the acceleration of globalization and the flourishing development of e-commerce, international express delivery services have become an indispensable part of our lives.Even if there are obstacles to moving forward, shipping agent We should also persevere, forge ahead bravely, cut waves in the sea of the market, hang on to Yun Fan and strive for the first place. https://flyportt.com/

　　international express delivery

　　However, when sending international express delivery, we always encounter various problems.

　　Today, FLY is here to answer some common questions about international express delivery, making you more proficient in the shipping process!

　　1. How is the cost of international express delivery calculated?

　　The cost of international express delivery mainly includes freight, surcharges, and tariffs.

　　Freight is usually calculated based on factors such as the weight, volume, and destination of the item; Additional fees may include fuel surcharges, extra long and overweight surcharges, remote area surcharges, etc; Tariffs are calculated based on the destination country’s tariff policies and the value of goods.

　　2. What is a tariff? How to calculate?

　　Tariffs are taxes and fees levied by the destination country on imported goods. The calculation method of tariffs varies from country to country and is usually determined based on factors such as the value, type, and quantity of goods.

　　3. What items cannot be shipped through international express delivery?

　　Some prohibited goods, dangerous goods, controlled items, etc. cannot be shipped through international express delivery. In addition, items that are prohibited or restricted from import by the destination country may also be unable to be shipped.

　　4. How to choose a suitable international courier company?

　　Choosing a suitable international courier company requires consideration of multiple factors, such as price, speed, service quality, and reputation.

　　In addition, it is necessary to understand the transportation methods and channels of the courier company in order to better grasp the various links in the delivery process.

　　5. What should I do if the shipped item is damaged or lost during transportation?

　　If the shipped item is damaged or lost during transportation, the recipient can contact the courier company to file a claim. The specific claim process and requirements may vary depending on the courier company and the destination country.

　　6. How to avoid international express delivery being seized by customs?

　　The key to avoiding international express delivery being seized by customs is to understand the customs regulations and relevant laws of the destination country.

　　Before sending, it is necessary to carefully check the type, quantity, value, and origin of the items, and pay customs duties and value-added tax according to regulations.

　　7. What is the delivery time for international express delivery?

　　The delivery time of international express delivery varies depending on the mode of transportation and the destination country.

　　Metal medal production is a well-made metal medal. According to different shapes, it can be divided into: medals, medals, and award plates. Common medal materials: made of aluminum, iron, zinc alloy, copper, gold, silver and other materials. There are also stone, wood, resin, organic, and even several kinds of composite materials.If we can practice these points, custom medals Will be unique, become a leader in the industry, and keep moving forward. https://www.karonmetal.com

　　Materials for making metal medals.

　　High-end medals:

　　1. Breakthrough in technology, make race medals custom in Shanghai Yibi Mint, use advanced and precise production technology and production process, so that this medal shows its original medal value orientation in high-end and uniqueness.

　　2. Breakthrough in design, exquisite design and technology, improve the value of the medal.

　　Process of making metal medals

　　In the medal making industry, what kind of production technology and production process are used to make the medal will make this medal show its original medal value orientation in high-end and uniqueness. Among them, the electroplating process is divided into many categories.

　　Electroplating process – chrome plating

　　Chromium is a silvery-white metal with a slight sky blue tint. The chrome layer has high hardness, good wear resistance, strong reflective ability, and good heat resistance. There is no obvious change in gloss and hardness below 500＜C; it begins to oxidize and discolor when the temperature is greater than 500＜C; it begins to soften when it is greater than 700＜C. Due to the excellent performance of the chrome plating layer, it is widely used as a protective, decorative coating system’s surface layer and functional coating.

　　Custom made trophies and medals.jpg

　　Electroplating process – copper plating

　　Copper is easy to oxidize, and the oxidized patina is no longer conductive; copper plating is easy to lose its luster in the air, and reacts with carbon dioxide or chloride to form a layer of basic copper carbonate or copper chloride film on the surface. It will generate brown or black copper sulfide when it is exposed to sulfides. Therefore, as a decorative copper plating layer, an organic coating layer needs to be coated on the surface.

　　Price of metal medal production

　　The material is very important in the production of metal medals. One cent for one product has always been the value law of any industry and any commodity. It is difficult to get high-end products at a very low price.

　　Wholesale soft enamel sport medal.jpg

　　Details of metal medal production

　　In the daily production of high-end medals, there will be many details to be carefully improved. In addition to the main aspects, it is also necessary to pay attention to local details. For example, what style of medal wooden tray and what kind of medal back plate to match it should not be underestimated.

　　Dongguan Karon Hardware is committed to providing you with customized products such as medals and badges, mastering the core technology of customized badges and medals. In addition to medals and badges, the products produced include various commemorative coins, trophies, key chains, badges, crafts and other personalized hardware products. As long as you want, we can customize it. Creative design and excellent craftsmanship are perfectly combined to meet all your needs.

　　The demand for optical connectivity in AI clusters is extremely strong, creating a new multi-billion dollar segment of the global optical module market. Optical module sales for AI clusters will increase from $2 billion in 2023 and less than $1 billion in 2022 to $4 billion in 2024.To get brand praise, 400g qsfp-dd It is necessary to have the spirit of constantly improving the quality of products, but also to have a bunch of eternal heart fire. https://www.3coptics.com/

　　optical connectivity

　　This is a huge business opportunity for the optics industry, but it cannot be taken for granted. Optical module vendors must work closely with AI customers to develop specialized solutions to support future needs.

　　Higher bandwidth, coupled with improved optical device reliability and energy efficiency, are the most important factors supporting AI clusters. Linear drive Pluggable (LPO) and co-packaged optics (CPO) are emerging as viable solutions to reduce power consumption. There are also multiple directions to improving bandwidth. However, none of these solutions will work unless the reliability of the optics is improved.

　　optical connectivity

　　Improved reliability will be the most important factor in determining the right solution for the next generation of optical connectivity. Higher bit error rate requirements must be met first, followed by FEC and enhanced DSP performance. In addition, it is also necessary to reduce the failure rate and extend the service life of the equipment. New technologies such as quantum dot lasers may have a chance to enter the market, but will also require many incremental improvements to existing methods.

　　optical connectivity

　　The path to higher bandwidth will also depend on the relative reliability of optical interconnections. The ability to achieve higher channel rates or highly parallel optical connections using parallel fiber or multi-wavelength lasers depends not only on cost and power consumption, but also on whether these solutions are more reliable.

　　Also known as touch keyboard, it adopts an integral sealed structure composed of a flat multi-layer combination. It is a new type of electronic component that integrates light, machine and electricity, and seals the key switch, panel, mark, symbol display and lining together. It is a fundamental change in the appearance structure of electronic products. It can replace the keys of conventional discrete components and perform the tasks of the operating system more reliably. Membrane switches have good waterproof, dustproof, oil-proof, and anti-corrosion of harmful gases. The performance is stable and reliable, light weight, small size, long life, easy assembly, the panel can be washed without damage to the characters, rich colors, and beautiful appearance. Using membrane switches makes your products more contemporary. Main types of membrane switches The membrane switch panel is an electronic component that integrates switch functions and decorative functions, consisting of a rigid or flexible printed circuit board as the base, with buttons with or without feel installed, and then covered with a plastic (polycarbonate PC, polyester PET, etc.) film panel printed with colorful decorative patterns. It is a new type of human-computer dialogue interface. The connection between its switch circuit and the whole machine can be completed by welding or plugging.Therefore, membrane switch Only then will more and more pump owners cheer for it and spread the value and function of the brand. https://singway-touch.com/

　　membrane switch types

　　Types of membrane switches

　　1. Flexible membrane switch

　　Flexible membrane switch is a typical form of membrane switch. This type of membrane switch is called flexible because the mask layer, isolation layer, and circuit layer of the membrane switch are all composed of flexible films of various properties. The circuit layer of the flexible membrane switch uses polyester film (PET) with good electrical properties as the carrier of the switch circuit pattern. This layer is also divided into hand-feel springs and upper and lower circuits. Due to the properties of polyester film, the membrane switch has good insulation, heat resistance, folding resistance and high resilience. The graphics of the switch circuit, including the switch connection and its lead wires, are printed with low-resistance, low-temperature cured conductive paint. Therefore, the composition of the entire membrane switch has a certain degree of softness, which is not only suitable for use on flat bodies, but also can be used with curved bodies. The lead wires of the flexible membrane switch are integrated with the switch body. When making the connection of the group switch, they are gathered at a certain place on the membrane and extended outward according to the position specified in the design and the standard line spacing. They are connected to the rear circuit of the whole machine as soft, arbitrarily bendable and sealed lead wires.

　　membrane switch types

　　2. Rigid membrane switch

　　Rigid membrane switch refers to a switch whose graphics and circuits are made on a common printed circuit copper-clad board. The characteristics of rigid membrane switch are convenient material acquisition, stable process, low resistance, and certain components in the circuit can be directly welded on its back. In the case of a small area, the rigid lining layer can be omitted. Rigid membrane switches generally use metal guides as the contact points for conducting the labyrinth, so they have a better feel. The disadvantage is that they are not as convenient to install in the whole machine as soft membrane switches, and often require welding and lead-out through flat cables. In addition to buzzer signals and LED indications, the information feedback of rigid membrane switches generally uses metal feel springs.

　　membrane switch types

　　3. Flat membrane switch

　　The buttons on the membrane switch use different colors to indicate the position, shape and size of the key body, which is more common in the initial stage of membrane switches. Three-dimensional membrane switch: Usually, the buttons on the membrane switch only use colors to express the position, shape and size of the key body. In this way, the accuracy of the operation can only be identified by the operator’s vision. Since there is no appropriate feedback information to indicate whether the finger is pressed within the effective range of the switch to make the switch operate, it affects the confidence in monitoring the entire machine and the speed of operation. A membrane switch that makes the switch key body slightly raised and slightly higher than the panel to form a three-dimensional shape is called a three-dimensional key switch. The three-dimensional key can not only accurately give the range of the key body, improve the recognition speed, and make the operator’s sense of touch more sensitive, but also enhance the decorative effect of the product appearance. The production of three-dimensional keys.