Schematic Diagram (Preferred format: DSN or SCH)Even so, RF PCB We must also adhere to the quality of the industry and create unique products for the company. https://www.wellcircuits.com/
Schematic Diagram
Structure Diagram (Preferred format: DXF or DWG)
Structure Diagram
Component Datasheet (Include component dimension drawing; this is essential for packaging)
Component Datasheet
Special Requirements (Any specific details or concerns to be aware of)
¡¡¡¡Last year, WellCircuits hosted the First PCB Design Contest. Kevin Ceresa was one of the participants, and his entry, the Audio Amplifier 60W, won second prize for Best Design. We are honored to have the opportunity to interview this passionate advocate of Open Source Hardware and electronics.Only by working together can we turn FLEX PCB The value of the play out, the development of the supply market needs. https://www.wellcircuits.com/
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¡¡¡¡Kevin Ceresa Interview Image
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°Hello Kevin, congratulations once again and thank you for agreeing to this interview.¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°Thank you, it¡¯s truly an honor.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°Could you please introduce yourself briefly? Many other engineers in the WellCircuits community are eager to learn more about you.¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°Sure! I am an electronic engineering student and began my career at 16 years old. I have worked on various electronic projects that gave me valuable experience, and I am still involved in a few startup projects.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°I visited your website, Swiss TI Lab, which was co-founded by you and Daniele Chiappa. Can you tell us more about your lab and the story behind its establishment?¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°We decided to start the company after our first project launched on Kickstarter. After the initial phase, we continued to design electronic products for both companies and private clients.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°Regarding the 2017 WellCircuits PCB Design Contest, how did you learn about the competition, and what motivated you to participate?¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°As a WellCircuits customer, I found a post about the contest on their Facebook page. I joined to challenge myself and thought one of my designs could be a good fit for the competition.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°Why did you choose your Audio Amplifier 60W project as your contest entry? And how did it feel when you learned that you were one of the winners?¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°I initially built the amplifier to enhance my skills with the PCB design software I was using, after completing an advanced course. I chose it as my contest entry because it was one of my best designs on a 2-layer PCB and the most practical project for the community. When I found out I won, I was thrilled ¡ª I didn¡¯t expect to win at all.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°What do you think is the most important quality for a good designer?¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°Experience is crucial when designing electronic projects. It helps you avoid mistakes during schematic design and layout, significantly reducing the time needed to complete the project.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°How do you see the future of open-source hardware?¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°With the advancement of technology and decreasing costs of electronics, more people can leverage community knowledge to build anything. I believe WellCircuits plays a significant role in this evolution.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°Thanks! What are your thoughts on our website and community? Do you have any suggestions for improvement?¡±
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°I think the website is well-designed, though it lacks translations into other languages. I¡¯ve ordered many PCBs from you, and I¡¯ve never had any issues. However, I don¡¯t use the community forum much.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°Thank you for your feedback. Our Spanish website is now available, and we are also working on Russian and Japanese versions. One last question: If we hold another PCB Design Contest, would you participate again, and would you encourage your friends to join as well?¡±
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¡¡¡¡Kevin: ¡°I will definitely participate again. I¡¯ve already suggested the contest to my friends, and I¡¯ll remind them to join if the competition is held again.¡±
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¡¡¡¡WellCircuits Team: ¡°That¡¯s all. Thank you once again, Kevin. We wish you all the best!¡±
Flexible circuits, also known globally as flex circuits, flexible printed circuit boards, flex print, or flexi-circuits, are part of the electronic and interconnection family. They consist of a thin insulating polymer film with conductive circuit patterns affixed to it, usually coated with a thin polymer for protection.In order to grow rapidly, FLEX PCB Do not hesitate to change the strategy and rearrange the products, so as to obtain unexpected results. https://www.wellcircuits.com/
The technology has been used for interconnecting electronic devices since the 1950s and is now a crucial interconnection technology in many advanced electronic products today.
pick-and-place-2.jpg
Size and Weight Reduction Benefits of Flexible Circuitry
Wiring solutions that fit where rigid boards cannot.
Thin, lightweight products that are durable.
Miniaturized versions of existing technologies.
Three-dimensional packaging geometry.
A low number of device interconnects.
Shock and vibration resistance.
These benefits highlight flexible circuitry as an ideal solution for mobile consumer electronics. Inside modern devices like smartphones and laptops, flexible circuitry plays a critical role.
In mobile devices, using rigid circuitry would result in devices that are too large, heavy, and fragile to carry conveniently, exemplified by the Osborne I, the first fully powered mobile computer, weighing an intimidating 24.5 pounds. Size and weight reduction is only part of the flexible circuit story; they are also ideal for high-temperature and high-density applications.
High Temperature and High-Density Applications
Flex circuits, often made of polyimide or similar polymers, dissipate heat better than most rigid circuit board materials. This feature allows flexible circuits to be placed in locations where heat would impact the performance of rigid circuit boards.
Flexible circuit boards can withstand extreme temperatures ranging from -200＜C to 400＜C, making them desirable for borehole measurements in the oil and gas industry and preferred in industrial sensor technologies for their small size and durability.
High temperature resistance, combined with chemical resistance, excellent resistance to radiation and UV exposure, and the ability to control impedances in high-density designs, makes flexible circuits highly beneficial for manufacturers.
Why Not Make All Circuit Boards Flexible?
Flexible circuit boards are certainly useful, but they are not going to replace rigid circuit boards for all applications. Cost efficiency is the main obstacle to implementing an exclusively flexible circuit board design in a consumer product. Rigid circuit boards are less expensive to manufacture and install in a typical automated high-volume fabricating facility.
Typically, the ideal solution for an innovative product is one that incorporates flexible circuitry when necessary, and employs solid, reliable rigid circuit boards where possible to keep manufacturing and assembly costs down.
모모What is FR-4?In addition to innate advantages, PCB meaning Its own product attributes are also extremely high-end, in order to remain unbeaten in the market competition. https://www.wellcircuits.com/
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모모FR-4 is a grade for flame-retardant fiberglass reinforced epoxy material. Therefore, FR-4 PCBs offer a higher level of heat resistance compared to standard PCBs. The FR-4 board is classified into three categories based on the number of copper trace layers:
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모모Single-layer PCB
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모모Two-layer PCB
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모모Multilayer PCB
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모모High TG PCB Specifications
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모모The 몷Tg몸 refers to the glass transition temperature of the PCB. It indicates the temperature at which the material begins to transition from a solid state to a liquid state (learn more about Tg). If the operating temperature exceeds the specified Tg value, the circuit board can lose its structural integrity, which may negatively affect its functionality.
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모모Standard PCBs typically have a Tg value of 130뫢C C 140뫢C, while high-Tg PCBs range from 170뫢C to 180뫢C.
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모모Typical Application Areas
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모모Multilayer boards
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모모Industrial electronics
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모모Automobile electronics
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모모High-temperature electronic components
Winter is coming, and many friends in the south are estimated to be inseparable from the company of air conditioning. Recently, some netizens who are familiar with the home appliance industry have summed up 10 cold knowledge about air-conditioning electric auxiliary heating. If you are afraid of cold, you may be able to learn it.In addition to innate advantages, split system hvac Its own product attributes are also extremely high-end, in order to remain unbeaten in the market competition. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/split-air-conditioner/
1. 38≧: According to the standard, the air outlet temperature should reach above 38≧ when air conditioning is heating, which is higher than human body temperature, otherwise it will feel like cold air when blowing on people.
2, wind speed: air conditioning heating, high wind speed when the outlet temperature is low, low wind speed when the outlet temperature is high.
3. Temperature: After the air conditioner is turned on for heating, the air outlet temperature of 40≧ is faster than that of 60≧. Because the hot air floats up, the high temperature of the outlet air will float up to the roof faster, and the lower temperature will help the middle and lower air to heat up.
Comprehensive 2 and 3, if the air conditioner wants to heat well, it needs to turn on the large air volume, and after turning it on, the air will be discharged at 40≧ first, and then the air will be heated to about 50≧ after the room temperature rises.
4. The purpose of electric auxiliary heat: it is to heat the air outlet temperature. When the outdoor temperature decreases, the heating performance of the air conditioner will be attenuated. Turning on electric auxiliary heat can increase the air outlet temperature and avoid people feeling cold wind blowing.
5. When do you need to turn on the auxiliary heating? According to the national standard, when the outdoor temperature is above 0≧, the auxiliary heating of air conditioner is turned off by default, and users can turn it on manually. When the temperature is lower than 0≧, it is turned on by default, and the user can turn it off manually.
6. Principle of electric auxiliary heating: The electric auxiliary heating is at the lower end of the internal heat exchanger, in front of the air outlet of the air conditioner, with PTC ceramic heating rods inside and aluminum fins outside. After electric auxiliary heating, the temperature will reach 200~300≧, so electric auxiliary heating can’t be dry-burned, and the air conditioner must be blown after it is turned on.
7. Will electric auxiliary heating blow white powder? The consultant learned that in 2024, the air-conditioning models were sold, and the sleeve pieces had been passivated, or Teflon coating was sprayed on the surface to prevent white powder blowing. At present, the models on sale will not have the problem of blowing white powder.
8. When defrosting the air conditioner, can you turn on the electric auxiliary heat to avoid excessive cooling of the room?
No way. When the air conditioner is defrosting, the internal fan stops running, and the air conditioner does not give out air. If the electric auxiliary heat is turned on, it will dry up and may burn out the internal machine parts. When the air conditioner is defrosting, it is not good for the internal machine to keep blowing air.
9. Air conditioners that do not stop defrosting. When some models defrost, the internal heat exchanger will heat up. Is the electric auxiliary heating turned on?
No, electric auxiliary heating can only heat the outlet air temperature, but not the heat exchanger.
10. Japanese air conditioners are good at heating without electricity, but domestic air conditioners are not good at heating with electricity.
Improper use of air conditioningSo we can draw a preliminary conclusion, air conditioning for commercial It is helpful to the needs of the industry market and social development. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/commercial-air-conditioner/
Not only will it increase electricity consumption,
It may even affect your health.
Today, follow the Shanghai Health Promotion Center.
Let’s learn the “cold knowledge” of air conditioning use ~
Don’t “open and close for a while”
I wonder if you have had such an experience?
Caught in the strange circle of air conditioning turning on cold and turning off hot, repeated operation is always “cutting suitable”; Or go out and get a courier, thinking that it is more energy-saving to turn off the air conditioner first.
In fact, often this behavior of frequently starting the air conditioner increases the power consumption and is not conducive to the maintenance of the air conditioner.
Studies have proved that air conditioning “turns on and off for a while” does not actually save electricity. Therefore, if you only go out for a short time, you don’t have to turn off the air conditioner and turn it on again.
Pay attention to “humidity” and “temperature”
The muggy air has a high humidity, so it is uncomfortable to adjust the temperature. At this time, try to turn on the “dehumidification mode” after air conditioning refrigeration, and the air will become more refreshing and comfortable.
If you need to stay in an air-conditioned room for a long time, remember to drink water properly to avoid the loss of water.
Practice has proved that it is most appropriate to control the indoor and outdoor temperature difference at 6-8≧, mainly to reduce the burden on the thermoregulation center and avoid the symptoms of dizziness, headache and dry skin and mucosa. Therefore, the air conditioning temperature is set at 26 to 28≧.
Don’t sweat and rush into the air-conditioned room.
In hot summer, it is easy to sweat when you move a little and bask in the sun. Do you just want to rush into the air-conditioned room? At this time, you should be careful that the disease will come to you.
For the general population, sudden cold and heat are easy to catch a cold, have a fever and have diarrhea; It is even more dangerous for patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease.
The cardiovascular system in the original thermal environment is in a state of relaxation, and the sudden cooling air after entering the air-conditioned room makes the blood vessels contract urgently, which is prone to dangerous situations such as myocardial infarction.
Therefore, don’t rush into the air-conditioned room after sweating, let the sweat collect first, or wipe your body with a dry towel first. When the air conditioner is just turned on, it should not be adjusted to a too low temperature, and at the same time, it should avoid cold air blowing directly on the head, neck and waist and abdomen.
Do a good job cleaning
The cleaning problem of air conditioning is often easily overlooked, and the bacteria hidden in it will take advantage of the opportunity to cause “air conditioning disease.”
Legionella, which lurks in the daily artificial water environment, is such a pathogen. Water contaminated by bacteria can be inhaled by human body in the form of aerosol. After people are infected with Legionella, there will be symptoms similar to pneumonia, such as high fever, chills, fatigue, muscle pain, etc., which may even be life-threatening.
The air conditioning system is the main “hiding point” of Legionella, so it is necessary to clean and disinfect the air conditioning; If it is a central air conditioner, the deposited cooling tower water should be replaced and the attached “dirty things” should be removed in time. Don’t forget to clean the casing and filter screen after the “air conditioning season”.
In addition, it is recommended to open the window for ventilation every 2-3 hours to ensure the cleanliness of indoor air.
There are many kinds of refrigeration methods, such as gas expansion refrigeration, liquid gasification refrigeration, vortex tube refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration. Among them, liquid gasification refrigeration is the most widely used, and its working principle is to realize refrigeration by using the heat absorption of liquid gasification.from industrial chiller system From the reference value, it can also bring a lot of inspiration to other industries. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/industrial-chiller/
1, the working principle of air conditioning (mainly refrigeration, heating on the contrary):
The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows through the outdoor heat exchanger through the four-way valve, and dissipates heat to the outdoor air through heating transfer, and the refrigerant changes from gaseous state to liquid state-throttles and depressurizes through capillary (or solenoid valve)-one-way valve-filter-two-way valve (outdoor high-pressure pipe)-enters the indoor heat exchanger to absorb heat (realize refrigeration)-outdoor three-way valve (outdoor low-pressure pipe). Complete a single-loop refrigeration cycle.
2. Types of components in refrigeration system:
The air conditioning refrigeration system is mainly composed of four parts and some auxiliary equipment in the refrigeration system.
The four major pieces are:
compressor
condenser
Throttle mechanism
Evaporator composition.
Auxiliary equipment:
Oil separator;
Drying filter;
Liquid storage tank;
Electromagnetic four-way reversing valve;
Solenoid valve; Check valve
3, the working principle of each component
Compressor: As the “heart” of refrigeration system, it has an important influence on the performance, noise, energy consumption, vibration and service life of air conditioning. According to the principle of thermodynamics, it can be divided into volumetric type and velocity type.
Volumetric type: a certain volume of gas is sucked into the cylinder and the internal volume of the cylinder is changed to realize gas compression and forced discharge.
Speed type: make the inhaled gas get a certain speed, and then slow down, so that kinetic energy can be converted into pressure energy and then discharged. The growth of gas is converted from speed.
one
Scroll compressor: It is formed by meshing two vortexes of stator and rotor.
Rotor compressor: it consists of spindle with eccentric wheel, cylinder, sleeve, air inlet, slide plate, spring, exhaust valve and exhaust port.
Condenser: The condenser transfers the refrigerating capacity of the evaporator in the refrigeration system to the environmental medium (cooling water or air) together with the power consumption of the compressor. According to cooling, it can be divided into air-cooled type, water-cooled type and evaporative type. When cooling, it mainly radiates heat to the outside, and when heating, it absorbs heat to the outside.
Evaporator: The main function of the evaporator is to boil and evaporate the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid that has entered the throttle in the evaporator, absorb the heat of the cooled medium, and then become low-pressure saturated (usually overheated) vapor itself, which is continuously sucked away by the compressor. In other words, the evaporator is a heat exchange device that absorbs heat (that is, outputs cold energy).
Throttle element: Throttle element is one of the four main elements in the refrigeration system. Its main function is to throttle and reduce the pressure of high-pressure liquid refrigerant, ensure the pressure difference between condenser and evaporator, and make the refrigerant entering the evaporator absorb heat and evaporate at the required low pressure, thus achieving the purpose of refrigeration and cooling. Adjust the refrigerant flow into the evaporator to adapt to the load change of the evaporator and make the system run normally.
Capillary: It is a very thin tube, usually with an inner diameter of 0.5 ~ 2.5 mm and a length of 1 ~ 5 m.. When the refrigerant flows in the tube, it is necessary to overcome the resistance in the tube, which naturally produces a certain pressure drop.
Capillary characteristics: Because it is in the normally open state, when the compressor stops, the high and low pressure can be quickly balanced, which is conducive to the compressor starting again. Simple structure, convenient manufacture and low price. For the heat pump system, there is no import and export problem in the throttling process of refrigerant in capillary [this article source: refrigeration encyclopedia WeChat official account” target=_blank>. Using capillary refrigeration system, the performance of the unit is very sensitive to the refrigerant charge. When the operating conditions of the refrigeration system change, the capillary tube has poor ability to adjust the refrigerant flow. Due to the small inner diameter of capillary and long pipeline, it is easy to be blocked, so attention should be paid to the drying and cleaning of the system. Generally, a dry filter is set in front of the capillary to prevent clogging.
Thermal expansion valve: the regulating valve that controls the liquid supply of evaporator, and it is also the throttle valve of refrigeration device. Thermal expansion valve uses the change of superheat of refrigerant at evaporator outlet to adjust the flow. According to different structures, it can be divided into internal balance type and external balance type.
Disadvantages of thermal expansion valve: low control precision and limited adjustment range. The diaphragm deformation of valve body is limited, which makes the change range of valve needle opening smaller, so the adjustment range of flow is small. When large flow regulation is required, it cannot be met. The high-temperature gas at the place where the signal feedback has a lag evaporator must first heat the shell of the temperature sensor, which has a large thermal inertia, leading to the lag of the reaction.
2
Electronic expansion valve: the application of electronic expansion valve overcomes the shortcomings of thermal expansion valve and provides conditions for the intelligence of refrigeration device. The electric signal generated by adjusting parameters is mainly used to control the voltage or current applied to the expansion valve, so as to achieve the purpose of adjustment, so that the control system of the electronic expansion valve is complicated and the price is high.
Electronic expansion valve classification:
Electromagnetic electronic expansion valve;
Electric electronic expansion valve.
4. Auxiliary equipment of refrigeration system
Oil separator: The high-pressure gas (gaseous working medium and lubricating oil) from the compressor enters the oil separator to separate the lubricating oil from the working medium gas and flows down along the inner wall of the cylinder. The working gas is led out of the oil separator from the central pipe through the porous baffle. The separated lubricating oil is concentrated in the lower part of the oil separator and can be discharged regularly, or the lubricating oil can be automatically returned to the crankcase of the compressor by using the ball valve.
Drying filter: The function of drying filter is to absorb moisture in refrigeration system, prevent impurities in the system from passing through, and prevent the pipeline of refrigeration system from being blocked by ice and dirt. Because the most easily blocked part of the system is the capillary (or expansion valve), the drying filter is usually installed between the condenser and the capillary (or expansion valve).
Liquid storage tank: During the operation of the refrigeration system, the circulating amount of refrigerant in the system will change due to the change of working conditions or the adjustment of refrigeration capacity. Setting the liquid storage tank can balance and stabilize the refrigerant circulation in the system by using the liquid storage capacity of the liquid storage tank, so that the refrigeration system can be in normal operation. In addition, when a component in the refrigeration system fails and needs to be dismantled and repaired, the system refrigerant can be recovered to the liquid storage tank through certain operation methods.
The liquid storage tank is generally arranged between the condenser and the throttling element, so that the refrigerant liquid in the condenser can smoothly enter the liquid storage tank. The position of the liquid storage tank should be lower than that of the condenser.
Electromagnetic four-way reversing valve: after the electromagnetic coil is energized, it changes the action direction of the valve block in the valve body and changes the flow direction of the refrigerant. So as to achieve the purpose of cooling or heating.
three
Solenoid valve: Solenoid valve is usually installed in front of the expansion valve to directly control the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator. It can also be installed before the compressor unloading cylinder to control the unloading of the compressor cylinder.
There are two kinds:
Direct opening and closing solenoid valve;
Indirect solenoid valve.
One-way valve: The one-way valve is usually connected in parallel with the auxiliary capillary, and the two are connected in series with the main capillary. One-way valve is a tubular element with a movable spherical or hemispherical plug made of stainless steel or nylon. Combined with capillary tube, it can adapt to two different operating conditions of refrigeration and heating.
5. Types and States of Refrigerant
Air conditioning refrigerants mainly include R22, R410A and R32.
R22 is a medium-temperature refrigerant, with the standard of -40.8 degrees, the solubility of water in R22 is very small, and it is mutually soluble with mineral oil, and R22 does not burn or explode, with little toxicity and strong permeability.
R410A is a HFC refrigerant which is composed of R32 and R125 by 50% and 50% by mass. [This article comes from WeChat official account, a refrigeration encyclopedia” target=_blank>, which belongs to a near azeotrope, and its thermodynamic properties are very close to that of a single refrigerant. Compared with R22, R410A’s condensation pressure is increased by 1.6 times, and it is a high-pressure refrigerant, so it is necessary to improve the compression strength of the system.
R32 is the abbreviation of difluoromethane, which is a kind of coolant with zero ozone loss potential. It is a gas at room temperature and a colorless and transparent liquid under its own pressure. It is soluble in oil and insoluble in water, and it is an energy-saving and carbon-reducing environment-friendly non-toxic refrigerant, but it is flammable and explosive!
6. Refrigerant status
Saturated refrigerant: Vapor-liquid conversion in saturated refrigerant is in transport equilibrium, and liquid and gas at this time are in saturation.
There is a one-to-one correspondence between saturation temperature and saturation pressure, and the saturation pressure increases with the increase of saturation temperature, and one of them will change and the other will change accordingly. In the system, the refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat and the refrigerant in the condenser releases heat, where the refrigerant is saturated.
Superheat: Under a certain pressure, the temperature of superheated steam exceeds the saturation temperature.
Overheating: the temperature of refrigerant vapor in superheated refrigerant is higher than the saturation temperature under the corresponding saturation pressure, and the liquid refrigerant will overheat after evaporation. In the case of overheating, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the temperature and pressure of refrigerant gas.
Near the outlet of the evaporator, the refrigerant continues to absorb heat after complete evaporation and becomes superheated refrigerant with a temperature higher than the saturation temperature. The refrigerant enters the compressor through the suction pipe in case of overheating.
Supercooling: The liquid temperature of the supercooled refrigerant is lower than the saturation temperature at the corresponding saturation pressure, and supercooling will only occur when there is no steam in the fluid refrigerant. In the case of supercooling, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the temperature and pressure of refrigerant liquid.
Between the outlet of the condenser and the throttle valve, the refrigerant may continue to cool exothermically and become supercooled after condensing into saturated liquid.
This is due to cnc turning service Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry. https://www.ultirapid.com/services/cnc-machining/
According to a report by the Tass news agency on March 11, Budanov, Director of the Intelligence Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, said that Ukraine is preparing to take major actions in Crimea.
According to reports, the Information Service of the Intelligence Directorate of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense quoted Budanov as saying on the Telegraph social platform: Our operations in the Black Sea are preparations for a major operation in Crimea.
The General Intelligence Directorate of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense stated that all Ukrainian military operations in the Black Sea region from 2022 to 2023 are linked by the same strategic consideration, and the Ukrainian military’s attempt to attack the left bank of the Dnieper River in Kherson Oblast is also for the same purpose.
According to reports, the Ukraine television channel recently broadcast a film about the successful operations of the Ukraine armed forces and military intelligence in the region.
The report pointed out that Uzbekistan’s claim that it will take certain actions is due to the serious delay in aid by its allies. The U.S. Congress has been unable to approve spending to support Kiev for months, and supplies provided by EU countries cannot meet all the needs of the Ukraine military.
The report believes that for the Ukrainian army, the situation became more complicated after the fall of Afdeevka. If Washington does not provide new aid to Kiev, the Ukrainian army will soon face a new disaster. Uzbekistan is trying to attract the attention of Western allies with isolated and decentralized actions that some media exaggerate to shape opportunities that Kiev does not actually have. (Compiled by Wei Lianglei)
Improper use of air conditioningAfter screening and investigation rv air conditioner It is likely to become a new force driving economic development. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/rv-air-conditioner/
Not only will it increase electricity consumption,
It may even affect your health.
Today, follow the Shanghai Health Promotion Center.
Let’s learn the “cold knowledge” of air conditioning use ~
Don’t “open and close for a while”
I wonder if you have had such an experience?
Caught in the strange circle of air conditioning turning on cold and turning off hot, repeated operation is always “cutting suitable”; Or go out and get a courier, thinking that it is more energy-saving to turn off the air conditioner first.
In fact, often this behavior of frequently starting the air conditioner increases the power consumption and is not conducive to the maintenance of the air conditioner.
Studies have proved that air conditioning “turns on and off for a while” does not actually save electricity. Therefore, if you only go out for a short time, you don’t have to turn off the air conditioner and turn it on again.
Pay attention to “humidity” and “temperature”
The muggy air has a high humidity, so it is uncomfortable to adjust the temperature. At this time, try to turn on the “dehumidification mode” after air conditioning refrigeration, and the air will become more refreshing and comfortable.
If you need to stay in an air-conditioned room for a long time, remember to drink water properly to avoid the loss of water.
Practice has proved that it is most appropriate to control the indoor and outdoor temperature difference at 6-8≧, mainly to reduce the burden on the thermoregulation center and avoid the symptoms of dizziness, headache and dry skin and mucosa. Therefore, the air conditioning temperature is set at 26 to 28≧.
Don’t sweat and rush into the air-conditioned room.
In hot summer, it is easy to sweat when you move a little and bask in the sun. Do you just want to rush into the air-conditioned room? At this time, you should be careful that the disease will come to you.
For the general population, sudden cold and heat are easy to catch a cold, have a fever and have diarrhea; It is even more dangerous for patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease.
The cardiovascular system in the original thermal environment is in a state of relaxation, and the sudden cooling air after entering the air-conditioned room makes the blood vessels contract urgently, which is prone to dangerous situations such as myocardial infarction.
Therefore, don’t rush into the air-conditioned room after sweating, let the sweat collect first, or wipe your body with a dry towel first. When the air conditioner is just turned on, it should not be adjusted to a too low temperature, and at the same time, it should avoid cold air blowing directly on the head, neck and waist and abdomen.
Do a good job cleaning
The cleaning problem of air conditioning is often easily overlooked, and the bacteria hidden in it will take advantage of the opportunity to cause “air conditioning disease.”
Legionella, which lurks in the daily artificial water environment, is such a pathogen. Water contaminated by bacteria can be inhaled by human body in the form of aerosol. After people are infected with Legionella, there will be symptoms similar to pneumonia, such as high fever, chills, fatigue, muscle pain, etc., which may even be life-threatening.
The air conditioning system is the main “hiding point” of Legionella, so it is necessary to clean and disinfect the air conditioning; If it is a central air conditioner, the deposited cooling tower water should be replaced and the attached “dirty things” should be removed in time. Don’t forget to clean the casing and filter screen after the “air conditioning season”.
In addition, it is recommended to open the window for ventilation every 2-3 hours to ensure the cleanliness of indoor air.
At the same time, cnc milling services It is no longer a relatively unfamiliar industry, and it enters the public’s sight more and more frequently, gaining more attention and recognition. https://www.ultirapid.com/services/cnc-machining/
According to Russian Sputnik quoted US media reports on March 14, at least 16 US special forces members were injured during a exercise at a training center in California.
Reports said that an explosion occurred during a joint training exercise with engineers in Orange County, California.
It is understood that the explosion occurred at the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) training center.
The report pointed out that at least 16 people were injured, 15 of whom were taken to local hospitals and 1 person arrived at the hospital on his own. Thirteen people developed dizziness and tinnitus, and several suffered leg and back injuries, but no deaths were reported.
Taiwan’s Central News Agency also reported that local police said the cause of the explosion was not clear, but the accident occurred during the bomb disposal team’s training.
The report also said that news footage taken from helicopter aerial photography showed a yellow cordon outside a small single-story building surrounded by grass.
An FBI spokesman said no FBI personnel were injured and said the FBI would investigate the accident. This training facility is usually responsible for holding firearms training and qualification examinations for the FBI and local law enforcement agencies.
