1. List of questions and alliance answers for operators to deploy NB-IoTThe above conclusions show that radio Module To a great extent, it can bring new vitality to the market and make the industry develop well. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　How is the network architecture of NB-IoT composed?

　　

　　Building vertical industry application of Internet of Things based on NB-IoT technology will tend to be simpler and the division of labor will be clearer.

　　

　　How do domestic and foreign operators divide the frequency bands of NB-IoT?

　　

　　Most operators in the world use the 900MHz frequency band to deploy NB-IoT, and some operators deploy it in the 800MHz frequency band. China Unicom’s NB-IoT is deployed in 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands, and only 900MHz can be tested at present. In order to build the NB-IoT Internet of Things, China Mobile will obtain the FDD license and allow the existing 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands to be re-cultivated. China Telecom’s NB-IoT is deployed in the 800MHz band, with a frequency of only 5MHz.

　　

　　NB-IoT network deployment schedule?

　　

　　In 2016, China Unicom launched NB-IoT field-scale networking tests based on 900MHz and 1800MHz in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan), as well as more than six business application demonstrations. In 2018, the commercial deployment of NB-IoT will be fully promoted nationwide. China Mobile plans to start the commercialization of NB-IoT in 2017. China Telecom plans to deploy NB-IoT network in the first half of 2017. Huawei and six operators (China Unicom, China Mobile, Vodafone, Emirates Telecom, Telefonica and Italia Telecom) set up six NB-IoT open laboratories around the world, focusing on NB-IoT business innovation, industry development, interoperability testing and product compatibility verification. ZTE and China Mobile completed the technical verification demonstration of NB-IoT protocol in the laboratory of China Mobile’s 5G Joint Innovation Center.

　　

　　Can non-operators deploy NB-IoT networks?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT need real-name registration system?

　　

　　All needs, tracked to the responsible subject.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT all adopt eSIM?

　　

　　The product features of NB-IoT are that it can work without installation and configuration, and it can be directly connected to the network by booting, and it supports functions such as automatic equipment registration and air upgrade. SIM card and eSIM will coexist for a long time, and operators refuse the soft SIM mode.

　　

　　What is the operator’s plan to quit the 2G/3G network?

　　

　　China Unicom may gradually close its 2G network in 2018, and in some places it may close its 3G network. Japan’s mobile operators have all shut down 2G networks, and AT&T in the United States, Telstra and Optus in Australia have announced plans to shut down 2G networks. Telenor plans to close its 3G network in Norway in 2020, followed by its 2G network in 2025. Some operators consider that there are more than 100 million GPRS IOT terminals and low-end GSM mobile phones for a long time, and the cost of GSM is lower than that of LTE for a long time because of its low complexity and no patent fees. Therefore, most operators will maintain the GSM frequency band to continue their operations for a long time.

　　

　　Do operators support NB-IoT roaming?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　How can operators ensure the stability of NB-IoT network?

　　

　　NB-IoT is directly deployed in GSM, UMTS or LTE networks, which can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrade. However, the use of a separate 180KHz frequency band does not occupy the voice and data bandwidth of existing networks, ensuring that traditional services and future Internet of Things services can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time.

　　

　　The control and bearer of NB-IoT are separated, with signaling on the control plane and data on the bearer plane. If it is a low-rate service, it goes directly to the control plane, and no dedicated bearer is established, which omits the signaling process of establishing a link between NAS and the core network and shortens the wake-up recovery delay. NB-IoT is an operational telecommunications network. This is the key to distinguish NB-IoT from GPRS, LoRa, SigFox and other technologies.

　　

　　How can operators make use of NB-IoT network to make profits?

　　

　　Operators’ existing areas such as QoS service quality assurance, network security, telecom-level billing and big data services continue to maintain their industry advantages. NB-IoT network allows operators to strengthen their business service capabilities in the field of Internet of Things, including cloud service provision, mass customer management, real-name authentication of Internet of Things, system general contracting integration, and high-end customized services for large customers.

　　

　　Price issues related to NB-IoT?

　　

　　Operator’s charges: one is based on flow and the other is based on message, and the trend will be lower than the price of GPRS cost chip: lower than the price of 2G main chip, with a reasonable expected price of $1. Module price: lower than the price of GPRS module, with a reasonable expected price of $2. Terminal price: pricing maintenance cost according to actual function: far lower than the existing network maintenance cost subsidy policy: operators will provide larger operating subsidies in the early stage.

　　

　　2. List of questions and answers about NB-IoT technology.

　　

　　Will NB-IoT standard support TDD LTE?

　　

　　At present, FDD LTE system supports NB-IoT technology, while TDD LTE system does not support NB-IoT technology. The physical layer design of NB-IoT mostly follows LTE system technology, such as SC-FDMA for uplink and OFDM for downlink. The design of high-level protocol follows LTE protocol, and its function is enhanced according to its small data packet, low power consumption and large connection characteristics. The core network is connected based on S1 interface, which supports independent deployment and upgrade deployment.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support base station positioning?

　　

　　R13 does not support base station location, but the operator network can do private solutions, such as location based on cell ID, which will not affect the terminal, and only need the network to increase the location server and contact with the base station. R14 plans to enhance positioning, supporting E-CID, UTDOA or OTDOA, and the operator’s desired positioning accuracy target is within 50 meters.

　　

　　Considering the terminal complexity, UTDOA is better, because it has little influence on the terminal, and in the case of enhanced coverage (basement 164dB), UTDOA (uplink) power consumption is lower; If coverage enhancement is not needed in most scenarios, OTDOA (downlink) will be better from the perspective of network capacity.

　　

　　What are the deployment methods of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports three different deployment modes, namely independent deployment, guard band deployment and in-band deployment. Independent deployment: A separate frequency band can be used, which is suitable for re-cultivation in GSM frequency band. Guard band deployment: The marginal useless frequency band in LTE system can be utilized. In-band deployment: Any resource block in the middle of LTE carrier can be utilized.

　　

　　What modulation and demodulation technology does NB-IoT use?

　　

　　OFDMA is used for downlink, and the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz. The uplink adopts SC-FDMA, single-tone: 3.75kHz/15kHz, and multi-tone: 15kHz. Only need to support half duplex, with a separate synchronization signal. The terminal supports the indication of Single-tone and Multi-tone capabilities. The MAC/RLC/PDCP/RRC layer processing is based on the existing LTE processes and protocols, and the physical layer is optimized.

　　

　　What are the number of connected users and active users of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has 50-100 times the uplink capacity improvement compared with 2G/3G/4G, and NB-IoT can provide 50-100 times the access number compared with the existing wireless technology under the same base station. Under the frequency of 200KHz, according to the simulation test data, a single base station cell can support 50,000 NB-IoT terminals to access.

　　

　　What is the coverage of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has a gain of 20dB higher than that of LTE and GPRS base stations, and it is expected to cover underground garages, basements, underground pipelines and other places where signals are difficult to reach. According to the simulation test data, in the independent deployment mode, the coverage capacity of NB-IoT can reach 164dB, and the in-band deployment and guard band deployment need to be simulated and tested.

　　

　　What is the uplink and downlink transmission rate of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT RF bandwidth is 200kHz. Downlink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250kbps. Uplink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250 kbps (multi-tone)/200 kbps (single-tone).

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support retransmission mechanism?

　　

　　NB-IoT adopts retransmission (up to 200 times) and low-order modulation to enhance coverage.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support voice?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports Push to Talk without coverage enhancement. In the scenario of enhanced coverage of 20dB, only similar voicemails can be supported. NB-IoT does not support VoLTE, which requires too high delay, and the high-level protocol stack needs QoS guarantee, which will increase the cost.

　　

　　Why does the chip of NB-IoT consume low power?

　　

　　The energy consumed by a device is related to the amount or rate of data, and the size of data packets sent per unit time determines the size of power consumption. NB-IoT introduces eDRX power saving technology and PSM power saving mode, which further reduces power consumption and prolongs battery life. NB-IoT can keep devices online all the time, but it can save power by reducing unnecessary signaling and not accepting paging information when in PSM state.

　　

　　In PSM mode, the terminal is still registered in the network, but the signaling is unreachable, which makes the terminal stay in deep sleep for a longer time to save electricity. EDRX power saving technology further prolongs the sleep period of the terminal in idle mode, reduces unnecessary startup of the receiving unit, and greatly improves the downlink accessibility compared with PSM.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT sleep wake-up mode affect battery life?

　　

　　At present, the working time given by NB-IoT is based on simulation data, without considering the battery itself and environmental factors, such as self-discharge and aging of the battery, high and low temperature environmental impact, etc. In actual use, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the power supply time of the battery according to the actual situation. NB-IoT adopts the power-saving scheme of sleep wake-up. When the battery is awakened during sleep, it will receive instantaneous strong current, which will greatly affect the battery life. The application of meter reading usually adopts lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery and super capacitor. Consumer electronics and others should be powered by li-polymer.

　　

　　Why are NB-IoT chips cheap?

　　

　　Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth bring low cost advantages. Low speed: it means that no large cache is needed, so the cache can be small and the DSP configuration is low; Low power consumption: it means that RF design requirements are low, and small PA can be realized; Low bandwidth: It means that there is no need for complicated equalization algorithm … These factors make the NB-IoT chip small, so the cost will be reduced.

　　

　　Taking a certain chip as an example, NB-IoT chip integrates BB, AP, Flash and battery management, and reserves the function of sensor set. The AP includes three ARM-M0 cores, and each M0 core is responsible for the application, security and communication functions respectively, which facilitates the function management and reduces the cost and power consumption.

　　

　　What is the range of NB-IoT to the device movement rate?

　　

　　NB-IoT is suitable for application scenarios with weak mobility support (such as intelligent meter reading, intelligent parking, etc.), while simplifying the complexity of the terminal and reducing the power consumption of the terminal. NB-IoT does not support mobility management in connected state, including related measurement, measurement report, handover, etc.

　　

　　What is the network delay of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT allows a delay of about 10s, but it can support a lower delay, such as about 6s, in the environment of maximum coupling loss.

　　

　　3. Deployment of NB-IoT technology in various vertical application fields of the Internet of Things.

　　

　　What is the deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application?

　　

　　The deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application field includes hardware cost, network cost, installation cost and service cost. If we want to realize the scale of application field, we must reduce the deployment cost.

　　

　　What is the focus of NB-IoT in vertical application field?

　　

　　NB-IoT technology can meet the requirements of low-rate services with low power consumption, long standby, deep coverage and large capacity, and is more suitable for static services, low sensitivity to time delay, discontinuous movement and real-time data transmission. 1. Autonomous anomaly reporting business types: such as smoke alarm detectors, abnormal equipment operation, etc. The uplink data volume is extremely small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in years and months. 2. Business types of autonomous periodic reporting: such as remote meter reading of public utilities and environmental monitoring, etc. The uplink data volume is small (on the order of 100 bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 3. Service type of remote control instruction:

　　

　　For example, if the equipment is turned on/off remotely, and the equipment triggers to send an uplink report, the downlink data amount is very small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 4. Software remote update service type: such as software patch/update, and the uplink and downlink need a large amount of data (kilobyte level), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours.

　　Introduction to 5-Axis CNC Machiningwith Sand Casting For example, if it continues to develop, it will definitely become the benchmark of the industry and play an important role in leading the market. https://super-ingenuity.cn/

　　

　　5-axis CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining has revolutionized the world of precision engineering and manufacturing. Unlike traditional 3-axis CNC machines, which operate on three primary axes (X, Y, and Z), 5-axis machines allow the cutting tool to move in five different directions simultaneously. This advanced capability significantly reduces production time, increases part accuracy, and allows for the creation of more complex geometries.

　　

　　In this article, we will explore the benefits, applications, and why 5-axis CNC machining is an essential tool for industries requiring high-precision parts.

　　

　　What is 5-Axis CNC Machining?

　　

　　In 5-axis CNC machining, the cutting tool moves along the three traditional axes (X, Y, Z) but also rotates on two additional axes, A and B. This enhanced range of motion allows for the creation of highly complex shapes that would be difficult or impossible to achieve using traditional 3-axis machines. Additionally, 5-axis machining minimizes the need for multiple setups, which translates to faster production times and lower labor costs.

　　

　　Key Features of 5-Axis Machining:

　　

　　Simultaneous movement on five axes for enhanced cutting flexibility

　　

　　Greater precision and accuracy due to fewer setups and repositioning

　　

　　Improved surface finishes on complex parts

　　

　　Capability to machine intricate geometries such as undercuts and angled holes

　　

　　Advantages of 5-Axis CNC Machining

　　

　　1. Reduced Setup Time and Enhanced Efficiency

　　

　　One of the main advantages of 5-axis machining is its ability to machine multiple sides of a part in a single setup. With traditional 3-axis machining, parts often need to be repositioned or re-clamped between different machining operations. However, with a 5-axis CNC machine, the additional rotational axes allow the tool to access almost all areas of the part without the need for repositioning. This reduces setup time, minimizes human error, and increases overall efficiency.

　　

　　2. Complex Geometries and Intricate Parts

　　

　　[Insert Image: Complex aerospace component created using 5-axis CNC machining” target=_blank>

　　

　　The ability to rotate the tool on multiple axes means 5-axis CNC machining can produce parts with complex shapes, intricate features, and difficult geometries. Industries like aerospace, automotive, and medical devices often require parts that feature undercuts, deep cavities, or precise angles, which would be incredibly challenging with traditional methods. 5-axis machining is perfect for producing such complex components.

　　

　　3. Improved Surface Finish and Accuracy

　　

　　Since 5-axis machines can machine all surfaces of a part with fewer setups, the chances of human error and inaccuracies are reduced. The ability to use shorter cutting tools also allows for higher spindle speeds with less tool vibration. As a result, the final parts have improved surface finishes, higher accuracy, and better overall quality, which is particularly important in industries like aerospace and medical device manufacturing.

　　

　　4. Cost-Effective for Low to Medium Volume Production

　　

　　While 5-axis CNC machines may have higher upfront costs than traditional machines, they offer significant savings in terms of reduced setup times, faster production speeds, and fewer required tools. This makes 5-axis machining a cost-effective solution for low to medium volume production runs, especially for complex and precision-critical components.

　　

　　5. Faster Turnaround Times

　　

　　[Insert Image: 5-axis CNC machine in a high-volume manufacturing facility” target=_blank>

　　

　　By reducing the need for multiple setups and re-positioning, 5-axis CNC machining allows for faster production and turnaround times. This is particularly valuable in industries where speed and precision are essential, such as aerospace, automotive, and consumer electronics.

　　

　　Applications of 5-Axis CNC Machining

　　

　　1. Aerospace Industry

　　

　　The aerospace industry demands parts with high precision, complex shapes, and lightweight materials like aluminum and titanium. 5-axis CNC machining is commonly used to create components such as turbine blades, engine parts, and structural components, all of which require precise tolerances and intricate geometries.

　　

　　2. Automotive Industry

　　

　　In automotive manufacturing, 5-axis CNC machining is used to produce high-performance parts, including engine components, transmission parts, and custom prototypes. The ability to machine complex shapes in a single setup is particularly advantageous for reducing production times in the competitive automotive sector.

　　

　　3. Medical Industry

　　

　　[Insert Image: Medical implants and surgical tools created using 5-axis CNC machining” target=_blank>

　　

　　Medical devices and implants often require tight tolerances and intricate details, such as those found in custom prosthetics and orthopedic implants. 5-axis machining allows manufacturers to create complex medical components with high precision, ensuring they meet the stringent requirements of the medical field.

　　

　　4. Tool and Die Industry

　　

　　In the tool and die industry, 5-axis CNC machining is used to produce precision molds, dies, and fixtures with complex shapes. The enhanced flexibility of 5-axis machines allows for more intricate designs and faster turnaround times, improving the overall efficiency of the tooling process.

　　

　　5. Energy Sector

　　

　　In the energy industry, components for turbines, oil and gas extraction, and renewable energy technologies often feature complex geometries and materials that benefit from 5-axis machining. The ability to produce highly precise parts in a cost-effective manner makes 5-axis CNC machining an invaluable tool for the energy sector.

　　

　　Why Choose Our 5-Axis CNC Machining Services?

　　

　　[Insert Image: Close-up of 5-axis CNC machine with operator monitoring production” target=_blank>

　　

　　At [Company Name” target=_blank>, we specialize in providing cutting-edge 5-axis CNC machining services that meet the needs of a variety of industries. Our state-of-the-art equipment, skilled engineers, and commitment to quality ensure that every part we produce meets the highest standards of precision and accuracy.

　　

　　Benefits of Partnering with Us:

　　

　　Advanced 5-axis machining technology for superior precision

　　

　　Expertise across industries, including aerospace, automotive, and medical

　　

　　Rapid turnaround times and flexible production capabilities

　　

　　Competitive pricing for low to medium volume production

　　

　　Conclusion

　　

　　5-axis CNC machining is a game-changer for industries requiring high precision, complex geometries, and reduced production times. With its ability to handle intricate parts and streamline the manufacturing process, it has become an essential tool for industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medical devices. If you¨re looking for high-quality 5-axis CNC machining services, contact us today to learn how we can help you meet your manufacturing goals.

　　Flexible component roofs have broad application prospects in the field of construction. This type of roof can effectively improve the thermal insulation, heat insulation, waterproofing and energy-saving performance of the building, while also enhancing the beauty and comfort of the building.understand panel solar flexible In order to better serve customers and reflect the core competitiveness of products. https://www.csrenewable.com/

　　

　　Flexible component roofs have a good thermal insulation effect. Because the flexible component material has excellent thermal insulation properties, it can effectively prevent the exchange of indoor and outdoor temperatures, thereby maintaining the stability of indoor temperature. In winter, this type of roof can reduce indoor heat loss and reduce energy consumption; in summer, it can block the entry of external heat and improve the thermal insulation performance of the building.

　　

　　How effective is the flexible component roof?cid=2

　　

　　In addition, the flexible module roof also has good waterproof performance. The materials of this kind of roof are usually specially treated to effectively prevent moisture penetration and protect the walls and decoration inside the building. At the same time, the flexible module roof also has good wind resistance, snow resistance, earthquake resistance and other properties, which can effectively resist the invasion of natural disasters.

　　

　　In addition, the flexible module roof can also enhance the beauty and comfort of the building. Since the materials of this kind of roof are usually carefully designed and manufactured, it has the advantages of rainproof, heat insulation, durability, easy installation and environmental protection, and is an ideal building roof material. In the future, as people’s awareness of building quality and environmental protection continues to improve, the application prospects of flexible module roofs will be broader.

모모Tailoring Injection Moulds for Specific Medical NeedsTo get brand praise, High-volume mold production It is necessary to have the spirit of constantly improving the quality of products, but also to have a bunch of eternal heart fire. https://super-ingenuity.cn/

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모모Plastic injection moulding can be a highly complex and challenging process, especially when it comes to precision requirements in the medical industry. Quality products must be produced from plastic parts that meet stringent standards of accuracy and reliability. And yet, despite these challenges, businesses across the sector are achieving breakthroughs through advances in technology and innovation within plastic injection moulding techniques. In this blog post we explore some of the most effective solutions when it comes to precision plastic injection moulding for use within the medical industry C including tips on machinery utilisation, materials choice, processes such as overmoulding or insert moulding and much more! Read on to learn how your business could benefit from expert knowledge and advice about precision in plastic injection moulding for medical applications.

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모모Understanding Medical Plastic Injection Molding: Technology and Applications

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모모Medical plastic injection molding is a vital technology that has revolutionized the healthcare sector. This process involves melting and injecting high-grade plastic resins into custom-designed molds to manufacture intricate medical devices and components. Such technology enables the production of high-quality precision parts for various medical applications, including surgical instruments, diagnostic equipment, and implants. The use of advanced molding techniques enables manufacturers to produce complex shapes and structures that meet the specific needs and requirements of healthcare professionals. As a result, medical plastic injection molding has become a crucial aspect of the medical industry, allowing healthcare facilities around the globe to improve patient care, streamline processes, and enhance medical outcomes.

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모모Quality Assurance: Building Reliable and Safe Plastic Injection Moulds for Healthcare

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모모Ensuring the safety and reliability of plastic injection moulds for the healthcare industry is of utmost importance. Quality assurance is of paramount importance in this field, as even the slightest mistake can have dire consequences. Building reliable and safe plastic injection moulds requires precision and attention to detail at every step of the process. From the design phase to the actual production, everything must be carefully monitored and tested to ensure the final product meets the highest quality standards. At the end of the day, the goal is to create moulds that healthcare professionals can confidently use to provide the best care possible to their patients. Through rigorous quality assurance measures, we can build safer and more reliable plastic injection moulds for healthcare.

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모모Customized Solutions: Tailoring Injection Moulds for Specific Medical Needs

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모모Customized solutions for medical injection moulds are essential in creating products that cater to the specific needs of patients. Medical tools and equipment must meet the highest standards, from the materials used to the moulds몶 design. By tailoring injection moulds to accommodate unique requirements, medical device manufacturers can ensure that their products are efficient and effective in treating a wide range of conditions. With customized moulds, they have the flexibility to create products with complex shapes and sizes that address specific anatomical features and support patient comfort. This approach not only enhances the effectiveness and accuracy of medical devices but also ensures better patient outcomes. With customized solutions, the medical industry can cater to the rapidly changing demands of the healthcare sector and continue to provide innovative solutions for medical challenges.

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모모To wrap up, it is important to note the numerous benefits that come with using medical plastic injection molding in healthcare. Not only does medical injection moulding have the potential to create products that are reliable and safe for patients, but its highly customizable nature allows for tailored solutions designed to provide specific medical needs on a case-by-case basis. All in all, understanding the technology and applications behind medical plastic injection molding is essential for any individual or business looking to pursue projects within this growing sector of the healthcare industry. With ongoing advancements and developments being made within today몶s modern landscape, injection molding is sure to become an even more popular tool for creating and delivering cost-effective yet high-quality medical supplies.

　　Application process of RTK radio network modeFor this reason, it can be speculated that RF Module The market feedback will get better and better, which is one of the important reasons why it can develop. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　1, instrument erection

　　

　　Complete the hardware erection and configuration of the reference station and mobile station, and build the hardware environment for the operation.

　　

　　2. New projects

　　

　　Create engineering, configure basic information such as parameters and coordinates, and complete the data foundation needed for the operation.

　　

　　3. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Match the plane coordinates required by the project with the default latitude and longitude coordinates, and directly obtain the required target reference frame coordinates in the operation. /4, single point correction

　　

　　Input the known plane coordinates of the measuring point and correct the parameter differences between different coordinate systems. (It can be skipped after parameter calculation, but it needs to be corrected every time the base station restarts.)

　　

　　4. Check the known points

　　

　　Measure at known points to confirm whether the parameter transformation between different coordinate systems is accurate and effective.

　　

　　5, measurement and lofting

　　

　　Carry out survey or lofting operations in the operation area to obtain the target results.

　　

　　6. Data export

　　

　　Export data from the notebook and copy it to the computer for office processing.

　　

　　Use process of RTK radio mode

　　

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　

　　Load the battery and turn it on.

　　

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “radio station”, set the corresponding radio channel, select the appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, and click “Start the base station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station.

　　

　　When the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　

　　Similar to the reference station, the host is set as “mobile station” and the host data link is set as “radio station”, and the radio channel corresponding to the reference station is set.

　　

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　

　　3. Parameter setting

　　

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　

　　5, single point correction

　　

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　

　　6. Measure

　　

　　After completing the above steps, point measurement and lofting can be carried out.

　　

　　Application process of RTK radio network mode

　　

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　

　　Insert the SIM card, load the battery, and start the machine.

　　

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “network”.

　　

　　Set the network mode. Customize “Host Settings”, “Network Settings”, “Add” and “Name”, select EAGLE for “Mode”, GPGGA/CDMA for “Connection”, fill in cmnet for “APN”, enter the IP address and corresponding port, set the user name and password, and generally set the access point as the base station host body number to facilitate identification and prevent duplication. Click “OK” after setting.

　　

　　Select an appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, click “Start Base Station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station, and when the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　

　　In a way similar to the base station, set the host as a mobile station and the data link of the host as a network. According to the setting of the base station, select “NTRIP-UDS” as the Mode, enter the corresponding IP address, port, user name, password and access point, and click “OK” and “Connect” until the GPGGA data is successfully uploaded.

　　

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　

　　3. Parameter setting

　　

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　

　　5, single point correction

　　

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　

　　6. Measure

　　

　　After completing the above steps, RTK radio station can carry out point measurement and lofting.

　　Flexible component roofs have broad application prospects in the field of construction. This type of roof can effectively improve the thermal insulation, heat insulation, waterproofing and energy-saving performance of the building, while also enhancing the beauty and comfort of the building.among China BIPV Solar Panel Factory It has given great spiritual support to entrepreneurs, and more entrepreneurs will contribute to this industry in the future. https://www.csrenewable.com/

　　

　　Flexible component roofs have a good thermal insulation effect. Because the flexible component material has excellent thermal insulation properties, it can effectively prevent the exchange of indoor and outdoor temperatures, thereby maintaining the stability of indoor temperature. In winter, this type of roof can reduce indoor heat loss and reduce energy consumption; in summer, it can block the entry of external heat and improve the thermal insulation performance of the building.

　　

　　How effective is the flexible component roof?cid=2

　　

　　In addition, the flexible module roof also has good waterproof performance. The materials of this kind of roof are usually specially treated to effectively prevent moisture penetration and protect the walls and decoration inside the building. At the same time, the flexible module roof also has good wind resistance, snow resistance, earthquake resistance and other properties, which can effectively resist the invasion of natural disasters.

　　

　　In addition, the flexible module roof can also enhance the beauty and comfort of the building. Since the materials of this kind of roof are usually carefully designed and manufactured, it has the advantages of rainproof, heat insulation, durability, easy installation and environmental protection, and is an ideal building roof material. In the future, as people’s awareness of building quality and environmental protection continues to improve, the application prospects of flexible module roofs will be broader.

　　The wireless transceiver module is mainly used for signal transmission to achieve multi-functional purposes such as communication and wireless control. General wireless modules are used in a variety of occasions, and the following mainly introduces three kinds.We have every reason to believe. radio Module It will become the mainstream of the industry and will gradually affect more and more people. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　First, used for channel control

　　

　　What is channel control? Channel control is divided into parallel and multi-channel. This kind of control is generally applied to the control of complex remote-controlled robots, and the safety protection control of some places can be controlled and driven by the receiving and sending signals of wireless modules.

　　

　　Second, for the development of wireless communication networks

　　

　　For professionals, the link of wireless communication network needs the application of topological structure, and only with this structure can the application value be realized by using the transceiver system of wireless module. On the one hand, this kind of transmitting and receiving module is cheap, and the cost of forming a star topology is relatively low; On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving module can adopt modular design, which is small in size, convenient to use and easy to integrate. This transmitting and receiving module is very practical for wireless networks with low communication speed and close distance.

　　

　　Third, used for serial data transmission

　　

　　Usually, many control instruments and devices use serial port, and communication with these devices must meet the requirements of serial port, and the transmission rate and electrical characteristics must meet the serial port standard. Some special places, industrial control sites. When it is necessary to use wireless transmission mode, the transmitting and receiving module mentioned in this paper can be naturally selected. However, it must be explained here that in order to adopt this communication method, the corresponding software must be compiled at the transmitter and receiver to realize the file format conversion, so as to achieve the purpose of wireless communication.

　　Is a precise and efficient manufacturing process that utilizes advanced technology and sophisticated machinery to transform raw materials into accurate components and parts. As I stepped into the CNC lathe machining workshop, I was captivated by the rotating lathes and the humming sound of the machines.Under people’s attention High-precision machining Finally grow into what people need, born for the market and come for the demand. https://super-ingenuity.cn/

　　

　　CNC lathe machining

　　

　　In this workshop, each CNC lathe operates like a precise artisan, equipped with precise calculation capabilities and exceptional execution. The operators skillfully set parameters, adjust the tools, and with a gentle press of a button, the machine begins to perform like a precision instrument.

　　

　　The tool moves over the rapidly rotating workpiece, gradually removing material and revealing the intricate shapes concealed within.

　　

　　The advantages of CNC lathe machining lie in its efficiency and precision. With the precise control and automation facilitated by computers, lathe machining can accomplish complex tasks within a short time. The precise sensors and accurate guideways ensure minimal errors during the machining process. Whether it is the dimensions, shapes, or surface finish of the parts, CNC lathes can achieve highly consistent and accurate results.

　　

　　CNC lathe machining also empowers designers with greater freedom and creativity. Using computer-aided design software, designers can precisely create three-dimensional models of the parts and convert them into machine instructions through programming. Consequently, nearly any complex shape can be accurately machined on CNC lathes, whether it¨s curves, chamfers, or holes.

　　

　　However, CNC lathe machining requires skilled operators and technical personnel. They need to possess a good understanding of CNC programming and machining knowledge, enabling them to interpret and optimize machining programs to ensure stability and accuracy. Additionally, timely equipment maintenance and upkeep are crucial for maintaining the quality and efficiency of CNC lathe machining.

　　

　　CNC lathe machining is widely applied not only in the manufacturing industry but also in research and the production of high-precision instruments. It enhances production efficiency, reduces human errors, and makes the manufacturing process more controllable and reliable. In this ever-evolving era of technology, CNC lathe machining will continue to drive progress and innovation in the manufacturing industry, bringing us more precise and exquisite products.

　　Flexible component roofs have broad application prospects in the field of construction. This type of roof can effectively improve the thermal insulation, heat insulation, waterproofing and energy-saving performance of the building, while also enhancing the beauty and comfort of the building.The industry believes that, China BIPV Solar Panel Solution Factory The development of our company marks the rapid and steady progress of the whole industry. https://www.csrenewable.com/

　　

　　Flexible component roofs have a good thermal insulation effect. Because the flexible component material has excellent thermal insulation properties, it can effectively prevent the exchange of indoor and outdoor temperatures, thereby maintaining the stability of indoor temperature. In winter, this type of roof can reduce indoor heat loss and reduce energy consumption; in summer, it can block the entry of external heat and improve the thermal insulation performance of the building.

　　

　　How effective is the flexible component roof?cid=2

　　

　　In addition, the flexible module roof also has good waterproof performance. The materials of this kind of roof are usually specially treated to effectively prevent moisture penetration and protect the walls and decoration inside the building. At the same time, the flexible module roof also has good wind resistance, snow resistance, earthquake resistance and other properties, which can effectively resist the invasion of natural disasters.

　　

　　In addition, the flexible module roof can also enhance the beauty and comfort of the building. Since the materials of this kind of roof are usually carefully designed and manufactured, it has the advantages of rainproof, heat insulation, durability, easy installation and environmental protection, and is an ideal building roof material. In the future, as people’s awareness of building quality and environmental protection continues to improve, the application prospects of flexible module roofs will be broader.

　　The most basic usage of GPRS DTU is: put a SIM card with GPRS function in DTU, after DTU is powered on, first register to GPRS network, and then establish connection with data processing center through GPRS network. After the GPRS DTU is powered on, first read the working parameters saved in the internal FLASH (including GPRS dialing parameters, serial baud rate, IP address of data center, etc., which have been configured in advance).contemporaneity RF Module Our competitors have not made large-scale improvements, so we should get ahead of everyone in the project. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　GPRS DTU logs into GSM network, and then dials GPRS PPP. After successful dialing, GPRS DTU will get an internal IP address randomly assigned by Mobile. That is to say, GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet, and its intranet IP address is usually not fixed and changes with each dial. We can understand that GPRS DTU is a mobile device in the internal LAN, and it communicates with the external Internet public network through the mobile gateway. This is similar to the way that computers in a local area network access external networks through gateways.

　　

　　GPRS DTU actively initiates communication connection with data center, and keeps communication connection always existing. Because GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet and the IP address is not fixed. Therefore, only GPRS DTU can actively connect to the data center, but not the data center. This requires the data center to have a fixed public IP address or a fixed domain name. The public IP address or fixed domain name of the data center is stored as a parameter in the GPRS DTU, so that once the GPRS DTU is powered on and dialed successfully, it can actively connect to the data center.

　　

　　Specifically, GPRS DTU sends TCP or UDP communication requests to the data center through the IP address and port number of the data center. After receiving the response from the center, GPRS DTU thinks that the handshake with the center is successful, and then keeps this communication connection. If the communication connection is interrupted, GPRS DTU will immediately shake hands with the center again.

　　

　　Since the TCP/UDP communication connection has been established, two-way data communication can be carried out.

　　

　　For DTU, as long as the two-way communication with the data center is established, it is relatively simple to complete the conversion between user serial data and GPRS network data packets. Once receiving the user’s serial data, DTU immediately encapsulates the serial data in a TCP/UDP packet and sends it to the data center. Conversely, when DTU receives the TCP/UDP packet from the data center, it takes out the data content and immediately sends it to the user equipment through the serial port.

　　

　　Through the wired data acquisition center, it communicates with many GPRS DTU in two directions at the same time. This is the most commonly used way in GPRS DTU application system at present.